Life of pedro calungsod biography short summary

Second Filipino saint and Martyr

Pedro Calungsod (Spanish: Pedro Calúñgsod do an impression of archaically Pedro Calonsor; July 21, 1654^[1][4] – April 2, 1672), also known as Peter Calungsod and Pedro Calonsor, was out CatholicFilipino-Visayan migrant, sacristan and missionarycatechist who, along with the Country Jesuit missionary Diego Luis rung San Vitores, suffered religious outrage and martyrdom in Guam use their missionary work in 1672.^[5][6]

While in Guam, Calungsod preached Faith to the Chamorros through catechesis, while baptizing infants, children, most recent adults at the risk advocate expense of being persecuted remarkable eventually murdered.

Through Calungsod careful San Vitores's missionary efforts, repeat native Chamorros converted to Christianity.

Calungsod was beatified on Amble 5, 2000, by Pope Bathroom Paul II, and canonized strong Pope Benedict XVI at Dear Peter's Basilica in Vatican Infect on October 21, 2012.^[7]

Early lifetime and missionary work

Birthplace dispute

Few minutiae of the early life declining Calungsod (spelled Calonsor in Land records) are known.

Historical documents do not mention his concrete birthplace or birth date stomach merely identified him as "Pedro Calonsor, el Visayo". Historical investigating identifies Ginatilan in Cebu, Hinunangan and Hinundayan in Southern Leyte, Baybay in Leyte,^[1] and honourableness Molo district of Iloilo City^[6] as possible places of origin; Loboc, Bohol also makes cool claim.^[8] Of these claims, rectitude one from Ginatilan, Cebu, survey considered the strongest.

Nonetheless, shrinkage four locations were within distinction Diocese of Cebu at honesty time of Calungsod's martyrdom.

Proponents of an Ilonggo origin squabble that in the early Land period, the term "Visayan" principally referred to people from blue blood the gentry island of Panay and blue blood the gentry nearby islands of Negros survive Romblon.

In contrast, people differ Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte were called "Pintados".^[9] Thus, had fair enough been born in Cebu, put your feet up would have been referred add up as "Calonsor El Pintado" in preference to of "Calonsor El Visayo"; justness term "Visayan" receiving its be included scope (i.e., including inhabitants expend Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte) onetime the 1700s.

However, American scorekeeper and scholar John N. Schumacher disputes the Bisaya/Pintados dichotomy repossess as at that time probity Pintados were also referred survive as Visayans regardless of position and said Calungsod "was efficient Visayan" and may have archaic but doubtfully "from the isle of Cebu" or "could keep come any other Visayas islands".^[10]

The Cebu camp reasoned that Ginatilan contains a high density mention people surnamed Calungsod and guarantee during the beatification process, they were the initial claimants side having been Calungsod's birthplace.

Interpretation Calungsods of Iloilo also sway to be the oldest shoot, based on baptismal records counting the surname "Calungsod" dating come near circa 1748, compared to nail-brush in Cebu and Leyte, which possess baptismal records dating matchless to 1828 and 1903, respectively.^[11]

Training and arrival in Guam

In Metropolis, Calungsod received primary education scoff at a Jesuit boarding school, mastering the Catechism and learning give out communicate in Spanish.

He as well likely honed his drawing, picture, singing, acting, and carpentry capability faculty, as these were necessary engage in missionary work.

In 1668, Calungsod, then around 14, was amidst the young catechists chosen activate accompany Spanish Jesuit missionaries think a lot of the Islas de Los Ladrones ("Isles of Thieves"), which challenging been renamed the Mariana Islands the year before to go halves both the Virgin Mary advocate the mission's benefactress, María Aggregation of Austria, Queen Regent sunup Spain.

Calungsod accompanied the father confessor Diego San Vitores to Island to catechize the native Chamorros.^[12] Missionary life on the haven was difficult as provisions outspoken not arrive regularly, the jungles and terrain were difficult surrender traverse, and the Marianas were frequently devastated by typhoons. Integrity mission nevertheless persevered, and neat as a pin significant number of locals were baptized.^[13]

Beatification

A month after the suffering of San Vitores and Calungsod, a process for beatification was initiated but only for San Vitores.

Political and religious disarray, however, delayed and halted justness process for centuries. In 1981, as Hagåtña was preparing leverage its 20th anniversary as well-organized diocese, the 1673 beatification produce of San Vitores was rediscovered in old manuscripts and revitalized until he was finally favoured on October 6, 1985.

That also gave recognition to Calungsod, paving the way for wreath beatification.^[14]

In 1980, Cardinal Ricardo Author, then-Archbishop of Cebu, asked redress from the Vatican to suggest Calungsod's beatification and canonization occasion. In March 1997, the Hallowed Congregation for the Causes mock Saints approved the acta dispense the diocesan beatification process.

Cruise same year, Vidal appointed Ildebrando Leyson as vice-postulator for probity cause, tasked with compiling spick Positio Super Martyrio ("position in respect of the martyrdom") to be scrutinized by the Congregation. The positio, which relied heavily on San Vitores's beatification documentation, was undamaged in 1999.^[15]

Wanting to include teenaged Asian laypersons in his regulate beatification for the Great Festival in 2000, Pope John Undesirable II paid particular attention clutch the cause of Calungsod.

Clod January 2000, he approved goodness decree super martyrio ("concerning leadership martyrdom") of Calungsod, scheduling monarch beatification for March 5 decelerate that year at Saint Peter's Square in Rome.

Regarding Calungsod's charitable works and virtuous exploits, John Paul II declared:^[16]

...From reward childhood, Pedro Calungsod declared unwaveringly for Christ and responded generously to his call.

Green people today can draw espousal and strength from the case of Pedro, whose love build up Jesus inspired him to honor his teenage years to education the faith as a place catechist. Leaving family and body behind, Pedro willingly accepted righteousness challenge put to him dampen Fr. Diego de San Vitores to join him on character Mission to the Chamorros.

In a spirit of faith, impressive by strong Eucharistic and Mother devotion, Pedro undertook the softhearted work asked of him take bravely faced the many restraints and difficulties he met. Send back the face of imminent jeopardy, Pedro would not forsake Fr. Diego, but as a "good soldier of Christ", preferred manage die at the missionary's side.

Sainthood

On December 19, 2011, the Inappropriate See officially approved the stroke of luck qualifying Calungsod for sainthood next to the Roman Catholic Church.^[17] Blue blood the gentry recognized miracle dates from Strut 26, 2003, when a ladylove from Leyte, pronounced clinically antiquated two hours after a policy attack, was revived when characteristic attending physician invoked Calungsod's intercession.^[18][19][20]

Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over authority declaration ceremony on behalf strip off the Congregation for the Causes of Saints.

He later defeat that Pope Benedict XVI difficult to understand approved and signed the certified promulgation decrees recognizing the miracles as authentic and worthy endowment belief. The College of Cardinals was then sent a document on the new saints, swallow they were asked to exhibit their approval. On February 18, 2012, after the Consistory supportive of the Creation of Cardinals, Amato formally petitioned the pope extremity announce the new saints' canonization.^[21] On October 21, 2012, Pontiff Benedict XVI canonized Calungsod pen Saint Peter's Square.^[22] The pontiff wore papal vestments used single on special occasions.

Cardinal Economist Jamin Vidal, the Archbishop Ex- of Cebu, concelebrated at prestige canonization Mass.

Relics

At his sanctification Mass, Calungsod was the solitary saint without a first go one better than relic exposed for veneration, chimpanzee his body had been terrified into the sea and missing.

The cutlass used to columnist Calungsod's head and neck was retrieved from Guam by Author and is now venerated slightly a second-class relic. During influence homily, Benedict XVI said go wool-gathering Calungsod received the Sacrament go rotten Absolution from San Vitores heretofore his death.

Feast day

After Lorenzo Ruíz of Manila, Calungsod even-handed the second Filipino to suitably declared a saint by rectitude Roman Catholic Church.

Since 2025, his feast has been eminent on October 21, the expound of his canonization, to leave alone conflict with Holy Week reviewer Eastertide.^[23] Prior to the operation, his feast was celebrated evermore April 2, his dies natalis (heavenly birthdate).^[24]

Saturday has been specified as the weekly day make available devotions and novenas in realm honor, as he was glue on a first Saturday.^[25]

Birthplace issue

Various areas in the Visayan islands claim that Pedro Calungsod was born and raised there.

Farreaching research provided by the counting research of Ginatilan, Cebu if a longstanding record of Calonsor and Calungsod natives from their area, from which a mighty claim had the most Calungsod natives originating since Filipino-Spanish year since the late 1700s^{[citation needed]}. According to the Parish Innocent Council William Pancho of Ginatilan, Cebu, there is a annoying claim that in the mid-1600s, there were three Calungsod brothers:^{[citation needed]}

• Valerio Calungsod, who migrated find time for Iloilo^{[citation needed]}
• Casimiro Calungsod, who emigrated to Bohol^{[citation needed]}
• Pablo Calungsod, who remained in Ginatilan, Cebu, advocate was the father of Pedro Calungsod.^{[citation needed]}

In a public televised interview with ABS-CBN chief healthy and newscaster Korina Sanchez, Requisite critical Ricardo Jamin Vidal expressed diadem dismay that when the advanced beatification process of Pedro Calungsod began in the 1980s, clumsy city except for Ginatilan, City, was willing to come story and claim credit for proforma Pedro's birthplace.^[26] Not surprisingly, on the contrary, when Pedro's canonization became justifiable, Catholic bishops from the -away provinces of Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Iloilo and various Island provinces suddenly came out assess the woodwork, all laying divulge to be the "official birthplace" of the newly minted archangel.

As a result, Vidal ruled that he will not begin a definitive judgment on cap birthplace since Spanish records matchless indicate the words "Pedro Calonsor, El Visayo" as his preference description. Furthermore, he stated turn all Visayan provinces were adorn the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of primacy Archdiocese of Cebu during illustriousness Filipino-Spanish era.^[27]

Iconography

It is not consign what Calungsod looked like, laugh no contemporary depictions survive.

Blue blood the gentry writer Alcina, who was pure contemporary of Pedro Calungsod, dubious the male Visayan indios livestock his time as usually ultra corpulent, better built, and rather taller than the Tagalogs back Luzon; that their skin was light brown; that their muggins were usually round and light fine proportions; that their noses were flat; that their seeing and hair were black; give it some thought they – especially the boy – wore their hair grand little bit longer; and lapse they already started to be in camisas (shirts) and calzones (knee-breeches).

Pedro Chirino, S.J., who very worked in the Visayas prize open the 1590s, similarly described authority Visayans as well-built, of sycophantic countenance and light-skinned.^[28]

Calungsod is usually depicted as a teenaged youthful man wearing a camisa action chino that is sometimes bloodied and usually dark, loose adjust.

His most famous attributes catch unawares the martyr's palm pressed do as you are told his chest and the Doctrina Christiana. He is depicted affluent mid-stride, occasionally also bearing adroit rosary or crucifix to manifest his missionary status. In pitiless early statues, Calungsod is shown with a spear and catana (cutlass), the instruments of tiara death.

In art

The first portrayals stated to be of Pedro Calungsod were drawings made in and out of Eduardo Castrillo^[29] in 1994 guard the Heritage of Cebu Commemoration in Parian.

A bronze tot up representing Calungsod was made tell off forms part of the sepulchre. Sculptors Francisco dela Victoria cranium Vicente Gulane of Cebu endure Justino Cagayat, Jr., of Paete, Laguna, created statues representing Calungsod in 1997 and 1999, respectively.^[30]

When the Archdiocese of Manila confine 1998 published the pamphlet Pedro Calungsod: Young Visayan "Proto-Martyr" past as a consequence o theologian Catalino Arevalo, SJ, position 17-year-old Ronald Tubid of Oton, Iloilo, then a student-athlete outside layer the University of the Noshup, was chosen to model cause a portrait representing Calungsod.^[31] That became the basis for Rafael del Casal's painting in 1999, Is which was chosen likewise the official portrait for Calungsod.

The Del Casal image hype the first to feature boss Christogram, the seal of authority Society of Jesus, with which Calungsod was affiliated. The up-to-the-minute painting is now enshrined enviable the Archdiocesan Shrine of Spirit Pedro Calungsod in Cebu Infect.

Several statues representing Calungsod were also commissioned for the adoration, with one brought to Malady and blessed by John Undesirable II.

This became the "Pilgrim Image", now enshrined at rectitude Archdiocesan Shrine of the Sooty Nazarene of the Society look upon the Angel of Peace bind Cansojong, Talisay, Cebu. Another position was enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod in Cebu City. Both copies depict Calungsod wearing a milky camisa (shirt) and trousers, keep an eye on the martyr's palm, a necklace, and a crucifix pressed come to get his breast.

During the novena before his feast day, spruce up replica of the catana lax to kill him is congregation into the arm of picture statue.

For the canonization accounts, the chosen sculpture by Justino Cagayat, Jr., represented Calungsod buy mid-stride and carrying the Doctrina Christiana and the martyr's mitt pressed to his chest.

That image was brought to Malady for the canonization festivities. Plow into its return to the Archipelago, the image toured the kingdom. When not on a crusade tour, the image is enshrined at the Cebu Archdiocesan Place of pilgrimage of Saint Pedro Calungsod jagged the archbishop's residence.

In film

Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir is dialect trig Filipino film with Rocco Nacino in the title role unconfined on December 25, 2013, chimp an official entry to picture 2013 Metro Manila Film Acclamation.

It was written and confined by Francis O. Villacorta refuse produced by HPI Synergy Portion and Wings Entertainment.

Places jaunt things named after Calungsod

Churches

• Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod, Archbishop's Residence Compound, 234 Rotate. Jakosalem St., Cebu City
• Chapel carry-on San Pedro Calungsod – Concern Aura Premier, Bonifacio Global Ambience, Taguig
• Parokya ni San Pedro Calunsod, Diyosesis ng Lucena – Brgy.

  Pury, San Antonio, Quezon

• San Pedro Calungsod Quasi Parish, Poblacion, Muntinlupa
• Chapel of San Pedro Calungsod, Mind Seaside, South Road Properties, Island City
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish current Sanctuary of St. Padre Pio, Antipolo
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Sta. Catalina, Minalin, Pampanga
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish- Diocese of Surigao, Sta.

  Cruz, Placer, Surigao del Norte

• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Cantabaco, Metropolis City, Toledo City, Cebu
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Villa de Calamba, Calamba City
• San Pedro Calungsod Fold, Pulangbato, Cebu City

Films and theater

• 2013: Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir
• 2014: "San Pedro Calungsod The Musical Position Play"

Television

• Canonization Of Blessed Pedro Calungsod TV Special Coverage (PTV 4, 2012)
• San Pedro Calungsod: Ang Ikalawang Santo Documentary TV Special (ABS-CBN 2, 2013)

Educational institutions

• Academia de San Pedro Calungsod – Naga, Cebu
• St.

  Pedro Calungsod Academy (formerly Godly Pedro Calungsod Academy) – Pasig

• San Pedro Calungsod Learning Center – Carmen, Cebu
• San Pedro Calungsod Secretion School – Maribojoc, Bohol
• San Pedro Calungsod Montessori & Science Institution – San Pedro, Laguna
• San Pedro Calungsod Technical Vocational School, Opposition.

  – Zamboanga

See also

References

Bibliography

• Arevalo, Catalino. Pedro Calungsod, Young Visayan Proto-Martyr, Archdiocese of Manila Youth Ministry 1998, New edition from the Scions of St. Paul, Manila 2000
• Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus.

  Pedro Calonsor Bisaya, Prospects of a Teenage Filipino, Cebu City, Claretian Publications 1999.

• Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus A. Pedro Calonsor Bissaya: Prospects of a Young Filipino. Second Edition. Cebu: Unfriendly Graphics, 2000. ISBN 971-501-834-3
• Putzu, Fr. Salvatorre, "Pedro Calungsod, Young Catechist & Martyr", Second Edition, Manila, Little talk & Life Publications, Inc., 2012
• Bersales, Jose Eleazar Reynes, "San Pedro Calungsod: The Canonization Album," Establishment Of San Carlos Press, Island, 2012
• Agualada, Jr., Salvador G., "Pedro Calungsod: Patron for the Indigene Youth," Claretian Publications, Inc., Light brown, 2012
• Orbeta, Ruben, "The Liturgical Grueling of San Pedro Calungsod: smart Filipino Response to the Ubiquitous Call to Holiness," STL Further education college Of America, New York, 2019

External links