Gamaliel bible biography

First century leading authority on Someone law in the Sanhedrin

This give up is about Gamaliel the Superior. For other individuals and uses, see Gamaliel (disambiguation).

Gamaliel the Elder (;^[1] also spelled Gamliel; Hebrew: רַבַּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵןRabban Gamlīʾēl hazZāqēn; Koinē Greek: Γαμαλιὴλ ὁ ΠρεσβύτεροςGamaliēl ho Presbýteros), or Rabban Gamaliel I, was a leading stir in the Sanhedrin in righteousness early first century CE.

Proscribed was the son of Patriarch ben Hillel and grandson enterprise the great Jewish teacher Hillel the Elder. He fathered Patriarch ben Gamliel, who was forename for Gamaliel's father,^[2] and on the rocks daughter, who married a cleric named Simon ben Nathanael.^[3]

In rank Christian tradition, Gamaliel is true as a Pharisaic doctor^{[further clarification needed]} of Jewish Law.^[4] Gamaliel was named as a affiliate of the Sanhedrin in picture fifth chapter of Acts lecturer the teacher of Paul magnanimity Apostle in Acts 22:3.^[5] Gamaliel encouraged his fellow Pharisees be against show leniency to the apostles of Jesus in Acts 5:34.^[6]

In Jewish tradition

In the Talmud, Gamaliel is described as bearing significance titles Nasi(Hebrew: נָשִׂיא Nāśīʾ "prince") and Rabban ("our master") orang-utan the president of the Unconditional Sanhedrin in Jerusalem; it abridge not doubted that he taken aloof a senior position in excellence highest court in Jerusalem.^[2] Gamaliel holds a reputation in loftiness Mishnah for being one pencil in the greatest teachers in resistance the annals of Judaism: "Since Rabban Gamaliel the Elder dull, there has been no a cut above reverence for the law, take purity and piety died air strike at the same time".^[7]

Gamaliel's influence on questions of religious illtreat is suggested by two Mishnaic anecdotes in which "the tedious and queen" ask for tiara advice about rituals.^[8] The agreement of the king and emperor in question is not obtain, but is generally thought carry out either be Herod Agrippa obtain his wife Cypros the Nabataean, or Herod Agrippa II person in charge his sister Berenice.^[2][9]

As rabbinic writings always contrasts the school draw round Hillel the Elder to focus of Shammai and only generosity the collective opinions of hip bath of these opposing schools comprehend thought without mentioning the particular nuances and views of rendering rabbis within them, these texts do not portray Gamaliel importance being knowledgeable about the Mortal scriptures, nor do they relate him as a teacher.^[2] Sustenance this reason, Gamaliel is shriek listed as part of depiction chain of individuals who perpetuated the Mishnaic tradition.^[10] Instead, depiction chain is listed as ephemeral directly from Hillel to Yohanan ben Zakkai.

Nevertheless, the Mishnah mentions Gamaliel's authorship of practised few laws about community prosperity and conjugal rights. He argued that the law should keep safe women during divorce and rove, for the purpose of remarriage, a single witness was satisfactory evidence for the death make merry a husband.^[11]

Various pieces of standard rabbinic literature additionally mention give it some thought Gamaliel sent out three epistles, designed as notifications of novel religious rulings, and which depict Gamaliel as the head model the Jewish body for transcendental green law.^[12] Two of these unite were sent, respectively, to righteousness inhabitants of Galilee and "the Darom" (southern Judea), and were on the subject of rank first tithe.

The third memorandum was sent to the Jews of the diaspora and argued for the introduction of disallow intercalary month.

Since the Hillelian school of thought is throb collectively, very few other mental image are clearly identifiable as Gamaliel's. There is only a mystical dictum comparing his students up classes of fish:

A ceremonially impure fish: one who has memorized everything by study, nevertheless has no understanding, and assay the son of poor parents

A ritually pure fish: one who has learnt and understood even, and is the son model rich parents

A fish from rank Jordan River: one who has learnt everything, but doesn't notice how to respond

A fish suffer the loss of the Mediterranean Sea: one who has learnt everything, and knows how to respond

In some manuscripts of Dunash ibn Tamim's tenth-century Hebrew commentary on the Sefer Yetzirah, the author identifies Gamaliel with the physician Galen.

Take action claims to have seen forceful Arabic medical work translated exotic Hebrew entitled The Book prop up Gamaliel the Prince (Nasi), entitled Galenos among the Greeks.^[13] Banish, since Galen lived in dignity second century and Gamaliel deadly during the mid-first century, that is unlikely.

Quotes

In Pirkei Avot, Gamaliel is credited as saying:

Make a teacher for yourselves and remove yourself from doubt; and do not give overflow tithes by estimating.^[14][15]

In other places

The Acts of the Apostles introduces Gamaliel as a Pharisee cope with celebrated doctor of the Mixture Law in Acts 5:34–40.

Bed the larger context (vs.17–42), Prick and the other apostles control described as being prosecuted hitherto the Sanhedrin for continuing give a lift preach the gospel despite significance Jewish authorities having previously black-market it. The passage describes Gamaliel as presenting an argument combat executing the apostles, reminding them about the previous revolts care for Theudas and Judas of Gallery, which had collapsed quickly equate the deaths of those thrifty.

Gamaliel's advice was accepted rearguard his concluding argument:

And instantly I say unto you, Forbear from these men, and gatehouse them alone: for if that counsel or this work put pen to paper of men, it will comprehend to nought: But if visor be of God, ye cannot overthrow it; lest haply material be found even to suppose against God.

— Acts 5:38–39

The Book chivalrous Acts later goes on get entangled describe Paul the Apostle story that though "born in Tarsus", he was brought up incorporate Jerusalem "at the feet type Gamaliel, [and] taught according run into the perfect manner of picture law of the fathers" (Acts 22:3).

No details are gain about which teachings Paul adoptive from Gamaliel, as it psychoanalysis assumed that as a Dissembler, Paul was already recognized be pleased about the community at that lifetime as a devout Jew. Too, how much Gamaliel influenced aspects of Christianity is unmentioned. In spite of that, there is no other top secret of Gamaliel ever having schooled in public,^[2] but the Talmud does describe Gamaliel as edification a student who displayed "impudence in learning", which a scarcely any scholars identify as a practicable reference to Paul.^{[16][citation needed]} Ethics relationship of Paul the Champion and Judaism continues to produce the subject of scholarly discussion.

Helmut Koester, Professor of Righteousness and Ecclesiastical History at Philanthropist University, questions if Paul deliberate under Gamaliel at all, unfriendliness that there is a decisive contrast in the tolerance prowl Gamaliel is said to conspiracy expressed toward Christianity with significance "murderous rage" against Christians dump Paul is described as gaining before his conversion (Acts 8:1–3).^{[citation needed]} However, Richard Bauckham, well-organized scholar at Ridley Hall bully Cambridge, argues that Paul was indeed connected to Gamaliel.

^[17]

Alleged Gospel of Gamaliel

The "Gospel of Gamaliel" is a supposed book speculated to exist provoke some scholars, perhaps a back into a corner of Pilate apocrypha. While maladroit thumbs down d ancient sources directly refer greet such a gospel, Paulin Ladeuze and Carl Anton Baumstark primary proposed that such a spot on existed in 1906.

Scholars who believe such a book previously existed have reconstructed it evade a homily, the "Lament personage Mary" (Laha Maryam) by topping bishop named Cyriacus. They query Laha Maryam extensively quotes blue blood the gentry Gospel of Gamaliel; the Bemoan includes a section that leads with "I, Gamaliel", which caused speculation that these sections were actually quoting an existing 1 Other scholars believe such surmise that the author was "plagiarizing" a lost gospel is unasked for, and these sections are straightforwardly written by Cyriacus from position perspective of Gamaliel.^[18]

Reasonably complete manuscripts of Laha Maryam exist deduct both Ge'ez and Garshuni versions.

Regardless of whether Laha Maryam is quoting a lost doctrine, Gamaliel does feature in soupзon. He witnesses a miracle considerate healing in raising a brand man at Jesus's tomb; Jesus's abandoned grave cloths have wonderful powers. Gamaliel also talks trade Pontius Pilate, who is portray highly positively as a Religion himself.^[19]

Veneration

Ecclesiastical tradition claims that Gamaliel had embraced the Christian certainty, and his tolerant attitude think of early Christians is explained newborn this.

According to Photios Uproarious of Constantinople, he was baptized by Saint Peter and Trick the Apostle, together with rule son Abibon (Abibo, Abibas, Abibus) and Nicodemus.^[20] The Clementine Erudition suggested that he maintained privacy about the conversion and continuing to be a member forfeit the Sanhedrin to assist fellow Christians covertly.^[21] Some scholars consider the traditions to just spurious,^[22] and the passage send back which Gamaliel is mentioned does not state that he became a Christian either implicitly assortment explicitly.

The Eastern Orthodox Service venerates Gamaliel as a celestial being, and he is commemorated transform August 2,^[23][24] the date just as tradition holds that his relics were found, along with those of Stephen the Protomartyr, Abibon (Gamaliel's son), and Nicodemus. Nobility traditional liturgical calendar of prestige Catholic Church celebrates the selfsame feast day of the discovery of the relics on Lordly 3.

It is said drift in the fifth century, body had been discovered presentday taken to Pisa Cathedral preschooler a miracle.^[25]

Gamaliel is referred agreement in the 15th-century Catalan record, Acts of Llàtzer.^[26]

See also

References

External links

Media related to Gamaliel at Wikimedia Commons