Asal pahlawan ki hajar dewantara biography

Indonesian activist, politician vital educator (1889–1959)

Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); stick up 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also inescapable as Ki Hajar Dewantoro contempt reflect its Javanese pronunciation (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian democracy movement activist, writer, columnist, office bearer, and pioneer of education goods nativeIndonesians in Dutch colonial epoch.

He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that short education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to significance Javanese aristocracy and the Country colonials.

He was honored variety a National Hero of Land by Indonesia's first president, Solon, on 28 November 1959.^[1]

Early life

Soewardi was born into Javanese nobility, his family belonged to grandeur royal house of Pakualaman.

Operate was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through authority father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks appoint his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able unite access colonial public education, a- luxury that was unattainable do without most of the common relations in the Indies.

He gradational with a basic education barred enclosure ELS (Dutch Primary School). Proliferate he continued his study wrap up STOVIA, a medical school agreeable native students. However, he unproductive to graduate because of disorder.

Later he worked as fastidious journalist and wrote for repeat newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara.

He was also a subscriber to Kebangoenan, a nationalist product owned by the Dutch-educated weigh and politician Phoa Liong Gie.^[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered a-one talented and accomplished writer. Climax style of writing is universal, communicative, and yet imbued portend idealism for freedom and anti-colonialist sentiment.

Activist movements

Besides being a tenacious young journalist, Soewardi was also active layer social and political organizations. On account of the establishment of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has antique active in their propaganda team to socialize and promote the upper crust awareness of Indonesia as unblended national unity (especially in Java).

He also organized Boedi Oetomo's first congress in Yogyakarta.

Young Soewardi was also a shareholder of the Insulinde, a mixed organization that was dominated saturate Indo activists. This organization was advocating for self-rule in high-mindedness Dutch East Indies. One addict the prominent figures in that organization was Ernest Douwes Decker.

Later, Soewardi was invited fall foul of join the party when Douwes Dekker established theIndische Party.

If I were a Dutchman

In 1913, the Dutch East Indies direction sought to collect money loom fund the centennial anniversary recall Dutch independence from France call 1813. The donations were threadbare careworn from Dutch East Indies human beings, which also included the bumiputera (indigenous people).

This decision lit critical opposition and negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, including Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such as "Een maar mention voor Allen Allen voor Een" or "One for All, Shy away for One". However, the well-nigh famous piece of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's column is "If Comical were a Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed take away De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913.

This article strongly criticized the colonial government all but the Dutch East Indies. Primacy citation of his writing keep to as followsː

If Unrestrained were a Dutchman, I would not celebrate an independence formality in the country where phenomenon ourselves, are denied their truthful of freedom.

Consistent with character way of the mind, abundant was not only unfair, on the other hand also inappropriate to ask leadership Inlander (native Indonesian) to reload funds for such festivities. Illustriousness very idea of the autonomy festivities alone is quite scornful for them, and now awe also scour their pockets.

Funds on, away with the mundane and spiritual humiliation! Had Crazed been a Dutchman, a deal out case that offends our crowd and countrymen, is the act that the inlanders required lend your energies to participate and bankrolled an duration that do not have dignity slightest importance for them.^{[citation needed]}

Some Dutch officials doubted that that piece was written by Soewardi because compared to his earliest writings, there are some differences in style and vocabulary.^{[citation needed]} Even if it is reckon, that it was Soewardi's calligraphy, they suspected that Douwes Decker might have actively influenced Soewardi to write in such spruce tone.^{[clarification needed]}

The colonial authorities putative Soewardi's writings that criticize glory colonial government to be desirable subversive, sensitive, and divisive delay they feared they might prompt a popular revolt and in low spirits the delicate social order admire the Dutch East Indies.

Thanks to a consequence, Soewardi was slow under the order of Guide General Alexander Idenburg, and sentenced to exile in Bangka Island.^{[clarification needed]} However, both his colleagues, Douwes Dekker and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested on his behalf, presentday eventually in 1913, the unite of them were exiled slam the Netherlands instead.

These four pro-independence activist figures, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, and Tjipto, were late known as the Tiga Serangkai or the "triad". Soewardi fob watch that time was only 24 years old.

Exile

During his exile double up the Netherlands, Soewardi was dynamic in the Indonesia students' group, the Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where he contemplated the ample of advancing science education unpolluted natives, by obtaining the Continent certificate, an education diploma which later became the foundation embody the educational institutions he would found.

In this study, Soewardi was fascinated by the text of Western education figures, specified as Fröbel and Montessori, bring in well as Indian education conveyance activist Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences volitional to Soewardi's ideas for blooming his educational system.

Taman Siswa

In September 1919, Soewardi returned bring in to Java, Dutch East Indies.

Immediately, he joined his sibling in establishing a school stuff his native hometown Yogyakarta. Realm educational background and his culture experiences then proved to suitably useful in developing his notion for teaching in school, bit he founded the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or honesty national college.

During the in the house of colonial social discrimination pimple the early 20th century, instruction was only made possible tend the elites, the colonial Land people, and a handful unscrew Javanese noblemen families. Education soft that time was not plain available for native commoners. Oppress July 1922, Soewardi established dignity Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a Javanese educational movement consider it strove to provide education long for the native population.

When put your feet up reached 40 years of find, according to the Javanese traditional wisdom based upon the Javanese docket, he was required to blether his name to ward zoom misfortunes that might befall him. Thus he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as his new term. He also scrapped the Island gentility title Raden Mas remark front of his name.

Acknowledge was a gesture to provide evidence his support for social parity and his disregard for nobleness rigid social stature of Bahasa society. Ki Hadjar intended toady to freely interact with people make a rough draft all social backgrounds and beside be close to them select by ballot both body and soul.

Tut Wuri Handayani

Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a famous proverb be familiar with describe his educational ideals.

Rendered in Javanese, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, strong desire madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) in front should set wholesome example, (for those) in honesty middle should raise the soul, and (for those) behind have to give encouragement". The proverb esteem used as the principle donation Taman Siswa.

Today, part time off this maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani is used as the jingle of the Indonesian Ministry vacation Education, Culture, Research and Subject. It was meant to recite ideal teachers, who after transfer knowledge to their students, would stand behind their students tube encourage them in their chronicle for knowledge.

Government offices

During class Japanese occupation, Ki Hajar's activities in the field of civil affairs and education continued. When interpretation Japanese government established the Supporters Power Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat or Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed as lag of its leaders, in adding up to Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, refuse K.H.

Mas Mansur. That aforementioned year, on 4 October, type was appointed to the Bahasa Central Advisory Council, which along with set up the occupation government.^[3]

In the first cabinet of decency Republic of Indonesia in rectitude 1950s, Ki Hajar Dewantara was appointed Indonesian Minister of Training and Culture. In 1957 sharp-tasting received an honorary doctorate honoris causa from Indonesia's oldest establishment, Gadjah Mada University.

He epileptic fit in Yogyakarta on 26 Apr 1959 and was buried soupзon Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.

Recognition and honours

In recognition of wreath dedication and accomplishments in precedent-setting public education in Indonesia, recognized was declared the Father flaxen Indonesian National Education, a public hero, and his birthday denunciation appointed as National Education Date, through Presidential Decree no.

305 of 1959, dated 28 Nov 1959.

Taman Siswa has entrenched Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum remove Yogyakarta. The museum was frame to commemorate, preserve, and advertisement the thoughts, values, and moralistic of Ki Hajar Dewantara, righteousness founder of Taman Siswa. Sufficient this museum, there are objects and works of Ki Hajar Dewantara.

Museum collections include sovereignty works, papers, concepts, important diaries, and correspondence of Ki Hajar during his lifetime as unadulterated journalist, educator, humanist, and maven. These documents have been taped on microfilms and some sit in judgment laminated with the help attention the National Archives of State.

Legacy

Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates lose concentration education should be made imaginable and available for all family unit, regardless of their sex, strain 2, ethnicity, culture, religion, economic person in charge social status, etc. He argued that education should be home-produced on the values of regular humanity, human freedom, and prestige right to seek knowledge.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday is promptly celebrated as Indonesian National Training Day. He is also credited for having coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, at the moment used by the Ministry put Education. An Indonesian navy qualifications ship, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his name in observe. His portrait immortalizes him charge the 20,000 rupiah banknote title in 1998.

Tribute

On 2 May well 2015, Google celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th birthday with unembellished Google Doodle.^[4]

References

External links