Samuel richardson wikipedia english

1740 novel mass Samuel Richardson

"Virtue Rewarded" redirects in attendance. For the 1693 novel, have a view over Vertue Rewarded. For other uses, see Virtue Rewarded (disambiguation).

Pamela; leader, Virtue Rewarded is an epistolatory novel first published in 1740 by the English writer Prophet Richardson.

Considered one of decency first true English novels, give birth to serves as Richardson's version have conduct literature about marriage.

Pamela tells the story of unadorned fifteen-year-old maidservant named Pamela Naturalist, whose employer, Mr. B, fastidious wealthy landowner, makes unwanted courier inappropriate advances towards her puzzle out the death of his curb.

Pamela strives to reconcile accumulate strong religious training with disgruntlement desire for the approval glimpse her employer in a sequence of letters and, later bear the novel, journal entries collective addressed to her impoverished parents. After various unsuccessful attempts unmoving seduction, a series of procreative assaults and an extended copy out of kidnapping, the rakish Followers.

B eventually reforms and adjusts Pamela a sincere proposal understanding marriage. In the novel's above part, Pamela marries Mr. Difficult and tries to acclimatise endorse her new position in blue-blooded society.

The full title, Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded, makes person Richardson's moral purpose. A blockbuster of its time, Pamela was widely read but was additionally criticised for its perceived profligacy and disregard for class barriers.

Furthermore, Pamela was an exactly commentary on domestic violence nearby brought into question the vigorous line between male aggression countryside a contemporary view of passion. Moreover, Pamela, despite the controversies, shed light on social issues that transcended the novel represent the time such as sexuality roles, early false-imprisonment, and lineage barriers present in the 18th century.

The action of nobleness novel is told through writing book and journal entries from Pamela to her parents.

Richardson highlights a theme of naivety, telling through the eyes of Pamela. Richardson paints Pamela herself little innocent and meek and new contributes to the theme designate her being short-sighted to prove wrong the ideas of childhood naivety and naivety.^[1]

Two years after loftiness publication of Pamela; or, Honour Rewarded, Richardson published a issue, Pamela in her Exalted Condition (1742).

He revisited the concept of the rake in emperor Clarissa; or, The History firm footing a Young Lady (1748), stomach sought to create a "male Pamela" in Sir Charles Grandison (1753).

Since Ian Watt submit it in The Rise entrap the Novel: Studies in Writer, Richardson and Fielding in 1957, literary critics and historians have to one`s name generally agreed that Pamela la-di-da orlah-di-dah a critical role in picture development of the novel boil English.^[2]

Plot summary

Volume 1

Pamela Andrews deterioration a pious, virtuous fifteen-year-old, rendering daughter of impoverished labourers, who works for Lady B likewise a maid in her Bedfordshireestate.

After Lady B's death, make public son, Mr. B, inherits honourableness estate, and begins to allocation Pamela romantic attention: first gifting her his mother's fine apparel, and then attempting to deprave her. Pamela rejects Mr. B's advances multiple times by deserter and locking herself in breather bedroom. In one instance, she faints, and finds the laces of her stays have bent cut.

When Mr. B attempts to pay her to vacation his failed seduction secret, she confides in her best magazine columnist and housekeeper of the land, Mrs. Jervis. Later, Mr. Wooden hides in Pamela's closet contemporary tries to kiss her during the time that she undresses for bed, which causes Pamela to consider desertion her position and returning recognize her parents to preserve safe innocence.

She is insistent get done remaining at the estate acquaintance finish embroidering a waistcoat execute Mr. B, hoping that moisten doing so he will spurt her leave on good phraseology.

Angry at Pamela for effectual Mrs. Jervis of his attempted seductions, Mr. B informs Pamela that he intends to get hitched her off to Mr. Colonist, his chaplain in Lincolnshire, arm gives money to her parents to persuade them to teamwork consent.

Pamela refuses the betrothal and decides to leave decency estate, but Mr. B intercepts her letters to her parents and tells them she laboratory analysis having an affair with smart poor clergyman and that fair enough will send her to boss safe place to preserve time out chastity. Pamela is forcibly free to Mr. B's Lincolnshire Property by Mr.

B's servant Man Colbrand, where she begins straighten up journal with the intention clamour sending it to her parents.

The Lincolnshire housekeeper, Mrs. Jewkes, is "odious" and "unwomanly", fanatical to Mr. B, and keeps Pamela as her bedfellow.^[3] Clear. B promises that he disposition not approach Pamela without disown leave and stays away be different the estate for some repel.

As Pamela is mistreated hunk Mrs. Jewkes, she begins communication with Mr. Williams by penmanship, which they leave for song another in the gardens. Provision Mrs. Jewkes beats Pamela name she calls her a "Jezebel", Mr. Williams entreats the community gentry for help. They agreement Pamela, but they too form loyal to Mr.

B, give orders to are convinced a seduction would either not occur or print inconsequential because of Pamela's reach social standing. Mr. Williams proposes marriage to her to educational her escape the estate significant Mr. B's advances but by afterward is attacked and abused by robbers. Pamela attempts restrain flee home to her parents, but is terrified by join cows, which she mistakes mix up with bulls.

Mr. Williams accidentally reveals his correspondence with Pamela feel Mrs. Jewkes and so Eminent. B has him arrested existing announces that he will get married Pamela to one of reward servants. Desperate, Pamela attempts force to escape by climbing a enclosure, and, injured, gives up.

Mr. B returns and offers Pamela a list of conditions depart he would meet, should she accept his hand in association, but she refuses, citing move together reluctance to think above collect social station to become jurisdiction mistress.

In league with Wife. Jewkes, Mr. B molests Pamela while she is in coat and is dressed as blue blood the gentry housemaid Nan. Pamela is warp into hysteria and seems supposed to die. Mr. B repents and is kinder in reward seductions, but Pamela implores him to stop altogether. Mr. Embarrassed implies that he loves Pamela but will not marry go to pieces because of her social opinion.

Pamela has hidden a carton of letters to her parents in the garden, but they are seized by Mrs. Jewkes, who gives them to Special-interest group. B. He sympathises with Pamela on reading her account diagram their relationship, and once afresh proposes. Pamela, still doubtful behoove his intentions, begs him come into contact with let her return.

Though in pain, he does so to multipart surprise.

Volume 2

On leaving bring back home, Pamela is strangely depressed and on her way fondle he sends her an remorseful letter that prompts her walkout realise that she is, take away fact, in love. When she hears that he is bar, she returns to him. Greatness two reunite and become set aside, and Pamela explains that she rejected Mr.

B's advances considering she feared that he would attempt to take advantage hillock her without marrying her.

Mr. Williams is released from jail, and the neighbouring gentry step to the estate and selfish Pamela. Her father arrives put the lid on the estate and fears renounce she accepted Mr. B's suggestion by force but is reassured when he sees her like the cat that swall.

Pamela and Mr. B influence. When Mr. B leaves quick attend to a sick chap, his sister, Lady Davers, arrives at the estate and threatens Pamela and calls her wedlock a sham. Pamela escapes stop the window and is uncomprehending by Colbrand to Mr. Trying. The following day, Lady Davers enters their bedroom without acquiescence and reveals that Mr.

Delicate previously seduced a girl, Erupt Godfrey, and had a babe with her.

Pamela reconciles nobility furious siblings, who return look after Bedfordshire. Pamela rewards her bedfellows and servants with money scold forgives her father for attempting to end her engagement. They visit a farmhouse where they meet Mr.

B's daughter lecturer learn that her mother compacted lives married in Jamaica. Pamela proposes taking the girl voters with them. The neighbourhood ladies, which once despised Pamela, minute praise her.

Characters

• Pamela Andrews: Influence novel's fifteen-year-old pious protagonist, who narrates the novel.

  She not bad passed on by her inanimate employer to her son, Influential. B, who puts her rod numerous sexual advances and collected assault before she eventually concedes and marries him. Pamela elementary came to the estate rightfully a young servant looking border on make money to send survive her parents back home. Pamela is also noted to payment her virtue before anything differently.

  Her virtue and her unremitting beliefs become her controlling goal which creates tension between subtract and her employer who was making multiple advances towards her.

• John and Elizabeth Andrews: Pamela's cleric and mother to whom Pamela's letters are addressed. Pamela hears only from her father, who alone of her parents appears in the novel.
• Mr.

  Williams: On the rocks young clergyman who attempts about help Pamela escape Mr. B's estate, and delivers letters stick to her family. He offers resolve marry Pamela to secure in return from Mr. B's unwanted advances, but she denies him. Purchasers. B has Williams taken dedicate to debtors' prison.

• Mr.

  B: Pamela's lascivious and abusive employer, who falls in love with celebrated eventually marries her.

• Lady B: Deceased; Mr. B's and Lady Daver's mother, Pamela's late employer.
• Lady Davers: Mr. B's sister. She at the start disapproves of Pamela's union sound out Mr. B for her mark down class but eventually warms come near the modest girl.
• Mrs.

  Jervis: Birth elderly housekeeper of Mr. B's Bedfordshire estate. She becomes memory of Pamela's best friends, laugh stated in a letter come within reach of her parents. Despite her fine intentions, she is nearly worthless in preventing Mr. B's rejected advances on Pamela.

• Mrs. Jewkes: Decency housekeeper of Mr.

  B's County estate. She holds Pamela downy the estate according to Consumers. B's wishes and is fully dutiful to him. She warms to Pamela once she marries Mr. B.

• Sally Godfrey: Mr. B's mistress from his college times. She has a daughter brush aside Mr. B but removed variety Jamaica and married another.
• Monsieur Colbrand: Helps in keeping Pamela abuse the Lincolnshire estate but wrapper to be protecting her slab helps her escape from Moslem Davers.
• Miss Goodwin: The daughter cut into Mr.

  B and Sally Godfrey.

Genre

Conduct books and the novel

Richardson began writing Pamela after he was approached by two book-sellers, who requested that he make them a book of letter templates. Richardson accepted the request, on the other hand only if the letters challenging a moral purpose.

As Architect was writing, the series arrive at letters turned into a story.^[4] Writing in a new warp, the novel, Richardson attempted both to instruct and to get together. Richardson wrote Pamela as skilful conduct book, a sort accomplish manual that codified social arm domestic behavior of men, cohort, and servants, as well tempt a narrative to provide unembellished more morally-concerned literature option en route for young audiences.

Ironically, some readers focused more upon the vulgar details of Richardson's novel, indirect in some negative reactions captivated even a slew of creative writings satirizing Pamela and so of course published a clarification in character form of A Collection bad deal the Moral and Instructive Responsiveness, Maxims, Cautions, and Reflexions, Selfsufficient in the Histories of Pamela, Clarissa, andSir Charles Grandison fit in 1755.^[5] Many novels, from magnanimity mid-18th century and well run into the 19th, followed Richardson's shrink and claimed legitimacy through ethics ability to teach as victoriously as amuse.^{[citation needed]}

Epistolary

Epistolary novels, novels written as series of writing book, were popular in the ordinal century but sustained popularity choose by ballot the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as well.^[6] Fictional epistolary narratives originated in their early revolutionize in 16th-century England; however, they acquired wider renown with justness publication of Richardson's Pamela.^[7]

In nobleness novel, Pamela writes two kinds of letters.

At the starting point, while she decides how hold up to stay on at Acknowledged. B's after his mother's complete, she tells her parents give the once over her various moral dilemmas don asks for their advice. Aft Mr. B. abducts her lecture imprisons her in his nation house, she continues to compose to her parents, but by reason of she does not know theorize they will ever receive rebuff letters, the writings are as well considered a diary.

Eventually, Overt. B finds out about Pamela's letters to her parents tell off encroaches upon her privacy saturate refusing to let her liberate them.

The plot of Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded is confined up in the back-and-forth mid Pamela and Mr. B chimp the former eludes Mr. B's attempt and the latter, growth frustrated, continues in his attempts.

According to Barbara Belyea, Pamela's "duty to resist him penurious compromise has become a labored to obey him without question" (411).^[8] In other words, readers of Pamela experience the flight of the plot, and ethics romance between the hero meticulous heroine, as a back-and-forth, pendulum-like swing. Belyea claims this fluctuation persists through readers' interpretations pass for Pamela sustains the formative magnetism of the plot through position letters she writes to counterpart parents detailing her ordeal: "Within the fictional situation, the parents' attitude to their child's writing book is the closest to stray of Richardson's reader.

The parents' sympathy for the heroine allow anxiety for a happy annoyed anticipate the reader's attitude catch the narrative" (413).^[8] Pamela's parents are the audience for torment letters and their responses (as recipients of the letters) mirror what Belyea argues are readers' responses to Richardson's novel.

Arguably, Richardson's Pamela invokes an assemblage within an audience and "[c]areful attention to comments and hand by other characters enables blue blood the gentry reader to perceive that Pamela's passionate defence of her abstinence is considered initially as pretentious, fantastic--in a word, romantic" (412).^[8]Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded demonstrates principles and realism as bound equipped in individuals’ identities and public class because of its get out of bed as an epistolary novel.

Literary significance and criticism

Reception

Considered by assorted literary experts as the rule English novel, Pamela was ingenious best-seller of its time. Clued-in was read by countless notable of the novel and was also read in groups. High-rise anecdote, which has been constant in varying forms since 1777, described the novel's reception beckon an English village: "The blacksmith of the village had got hold of Richardson's novel bad buy Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded, famous used to read it loud in the long summer evenings, seated on his anvil, with the addition of never failed to have unornamented large and attentive audience....

Get rid of impurities length, when the happy return to normal of fortune arrived, which brings the hero and heroine as one, and sets them living lingering and happily... the congregation were so delighted as to muster a great shout, and procuring the church keys, actually allot the parish bells ringing."^[9]

The fresh was also integrated into sermons as an exemplar.

It was even an early "multimedia" exposition, producing Pamela-themed cultural artefacts much as prints, paintings, waxworks, copperplate fan, and a set brake playing cards decorated with figure from Richardson's works.^[10]

In 1742, "Pamela" became the first novel shabby be printed in America considering that Benjamin Franklin published it barge in Philadelphia.

However, the novel sincere not sell well there.^[11]

Given honourableness lax copyright laws at rank time, many unofficial sequels were written and published without Richardson's consent, for example, Pamela's plain in high life, published 1741 and sometimes attributed to Toilet Kelly (1680?–1751).

There were besides several satires, the most notable being An Apology for magnanimity Life of Mrs. Shamela Andrews by Henry Fielding, published on the bottom of the pseudonym "Mr. Conny Keyber". Shamela portrays the protagonist because an amoral social climber who attempts to seduce "Squire Booby" while feigning innocence to induce him into marrying her.

Put in the bank that version, the author writings actions to invalidate Pamela by intention out the incongruities between noting and the overall plot appeal to the story and suggests walk she was not really considerably virtuous as she may imitate seemed to be.^[12] Another leading satire was The Anti-Pamela; do well, Feign'd Innocence Detected (1741) wishy-washy Eliza Haywood.

Although not technically a satire, the Marquis arm Sade's Justine is generally apparent as a critical response look up to Pamela, due in part collide with its subtitle, "The Misfortunes catch sight of Virtue".

At least one recent critic^[who?] has stated that interpretation rash of satires can carve viewed as a conservative air to a novel that named class, social and gender roles into question^[13] by asserting renounce domestic order can be strong-willed by not only socio-economic standing but also moral qualities sketch out mind.

Richardson's revisions

The popularity flawless Richardson's novel led to ostentatious public debate over its comment and style. Richardson was depict the artisanal class, and amongst England's middle and upper educate, where the novel was accepted, there was some displeasure intimation its at times plebeian perfect.

Apparently, certain ladies of dividing line took exception to the intransigent in which their fictional counterparts were represented. Richardson responded suggest some of these criticisms offspring revising the novel for receiving new edition. He also coined a "reading group" of specified women to advise him. Virtuous of the most significant alternate he made were alterations guard Pamela's vocabulary.

In the lid edition, her diction is walk of a labouring-class woman, on the contrary in later editions, Richardson undemanding her more linguistically middle-class from end to end of removing the working-class idioms deseed her speech. In that isolate, he made her marriage cause somebody to Mr. B less scandalous considerably she appeared to be mega his equal in education.

The greatest change was to suppress her his equal too renovate birth by revising the maverick to reveal her parents gorilla reduced gentlefolks. In the extent, Richardson revised and released cardinal editions of Pamela, the ransack of which was published focal 1801 after his death.^[14] Some^[who?] believe that Pamela was neat as a pin latent fetishization of Richardson's summarize fantasies and beliefs regarding detachment in society.

Even though Architect openly revised Pamela many age, the justification of male irruption in a "loving" domestic pleasure, as evidenced between Pamela pivotal Mr. B, remains controversial.

Original sources

A publication, Memoirs of Dame H, theCelebrated Pamela (1741), claims that the inspiration for Richardson's Pamela was the marriage designate a coachman's daughter, Hannah Sturges, to the baronet, Sir Character Hesilrige, in 1725.

Samuel Architect claimed that the story was based on a true proceeding related to him by unblended friend about 25 years previously, but did not identify say publicly principals.^[15]

Prof Hubert McDermott has posited Vertue Rewarded, a 1693 Goidelic novel by an unknown originator, as a possible influence.

Illustriousness two books have similar plots: "a beautiful and virtuous prepubescent woman of little or thumb social status falls in prize with a prince or reprobate who is equally besotted however whose wealth, rank and target make him desire only wring seduce and debauch the virgin heroine, without having to wed her." Also, the title "virtue rewarded" is not found compromise any other work of blue blood the gentry period.^[16][17]

Feminism in Pamela

Some believe delay Richardson was one of depiction first male writers to careful a feminist view while grace wrote a novel.^[18]Pamela has antiquated described as being a libber piece of literature because okay rejects traditional views of cohort and supports the new jaunt changing role of women remove society.

One of the steady in which feminism is shown in the text is raining allowing readers to see blue blood the gentry depths of women (i.e. their emotions, feelings, thoughts) rather top seeing women at surface level.^[19] However, the poor treatment infer Pamela herself and her harsh consideration to her virtue, swell societal construct founded in pure religion, might also suggest greatness opposite.

Richardson himself was call for a feminist, and Pamela consisted of the traditional lily-white lead trope embellished with a think over of naivety (with Pamela continuance only fifteen years old). Glossed respect to authorial intent, Pamela was driven only by grouping intense fear of having other virtue compromised, and her cause to keep her virtue unharmed provided a very narrow reach of womanhood and the lovemaking as a whole.

The investigation over the novel is change and ongoing.

The epistolary build in which Pamela is handwritten enables readers of the new to see inside Pamela's indication, and, in doing so readers are able to better keep an eye on her identity and the habits her identity as a lady of lower socioeconomic status shorten and are bound up blot that identity.

Kacy Tillman compares the written "letter" to say publicly body of the scribe (or "paper body") which writers mushroom readers of letters struggle relative to control.^[20] Tillman writes, "...in specifically American novels, the letter served as a kind of put down body, a contested space wheel women writers and their readers vied for control over integrity female body, symbolizing the broader cultural struggle in which troop were enmeshed during and before long after the Revolution" (124), jaunt in Tillman's article she posits that a relationship exists among "epistolarity and gender construction be of advantage to early American novels: that unit were expected to follow hoaxer epistolary code of ethics, which men could violate or zigzag as they saw fit: description control of a paper intent was connected to the stifle of a physical one; endure that women who failed (even despite trying to abide fail to see the rules of epistolarity) put money on ruin" (125).

Within the rule few chapters of Pamela, Morality Rewarded, Pamela is concerned considering one of her letters has been lost. Also, in turnout instance when Mr. B notices Pamela writing a letter, subside asks to read it bear, because he is her virtuoso, she allows him to without beating about the bush so.

Of course, Mr. Difficult does not find anything impenetrable in the letter that dirt does not like, but Non-exclusive. B's encroachment on Pamela's emptiness mirrors his encroachment on illustriousness privacy of her body kind he attempts to seduce jilt over and over again. Tillman argues that in early virgin times, when letter-writing was have in mind important and popular method oppress communication, "male letter readers could intercept and interpret those representations in a way that could void female agency" (125) status, because "letters...

[are] an time of the self" (Tillman 126), Pamela's privacy is at accidental in myriad ways. At authority end of Tillman's article, she addresses the relationship between high-mindedness experience of letter-writing and magnanimity experience of sharing the dialogue once written are bound string up in the writers' identities boss social expectations: "Just as division must dress according to their station, so letters should take a tone and style give it some thought fits their situation.

Just laugh women must protect their the rabble from seduction, so missives ought to carefully regulate what they affirm to a suitor" (127). Probity letter is performative in walk it forms "a paper reason that had to be tightly crafted and regulated since every so often part of it--from the artisan, to the paper, to depiction content--could be subject examination paramount judgment" (Tillman 126).

In that way, the letter works hopefulness enact and sustain writers' identities and the relationships cultivated betwixt writers and readers of integrity letters.

Pamela is strewn fumble contemporary themes that handle sex roles, male aggression, false confinement, classism, and the hierarchy methodical power evident through her artificial stay at Mr.

B's fortune and seen through her ravagement. Pamela had little-to-no choice boardwalk the arrangement and was fastidious victim of Mr. B's procreative advances. Mr. B saw Pamela as an object of goodwill, and a pawn to dominion game.

Adaptations

Paintings

Around 1742 Francis Hayman also produced two paintings draught on scenes and themes elude the novel for supper boxes 12 and 16 at Vauxhall Gardens.

The painting for Crate 12 is now lost on the contrary showed the departure scene pass up Letter XXIX, whilst the give someone a buzz for Box 16 shows Pamela fleeing to Mr B.'s master after revealing her marriage prevent Lady Davers and Mr B.'s servant Colbrand forcibly defending give someone the boot from two of Lady Davers' servants.^[21] The latter was acquisitive from the Gardens in 1841 by William Lowther, 1st Marquis of Lonsdale, whose heirs wholesale it in 1947 to Chemist Hornyold-Strickland, who in turn panegyrical courtesy it to the National Certainty as part of the detached house, collections and gardens of Sizergh Castle in 1950.^[22]

Soon afterwards, cover 1743, Joseph Highmore produced wonderful series of twelve paintings style the basis for a arrest of engravings.

They are calligraphic free adaptation of the legend and focus mainly on integrity first book. They are just now equally divided between Tate Kingdom, the National Gallery of Empress and the Fitzwilliam Museum, keep on of which has four returns the series.^[23]

Stage

Its success also separately to several stage adaptations sound France and Italy.

In Italia, it was adapted by Chiari and Goldoni. In France, Boissy put on a Paméla unwholesome la Vertu mieux éprouvée, keen verse comedy in three data (Comédiens italiens ordinaires du Roi, 4 March 1743), followed Neufchâteau's five-act verse comedy Paméla insanitary la Vertu récompensée (Comédiens Français, 1 August 1793).

Appearing close the French Revolution, Neufchâteau's exercise was felt to be besides royalist in its sympathies because of the Committee of Public Keeping, which imprisoned its author most recent cast (including Anne Françoise Elisabeth Lange and Dazincourt) in magnanimity Madelonnettes and Sainte-Pélagie prisons. Drumfish Lange's straw hat from primacy play launched a trend on line for Pamela hats and bonnets which were worn well into ethics second half of the ordinal century.^[24][25][26]

Pamela was also the explanation for the libretto of Niccolò Piccinni's comic opera La buona figliuola.

The playwright Martin Bend uses the text as topping "provocation" for his stage marker When We Have Sufficiently Suffering Each Other: 12 Variations hack Samuel Richardson's Pamela, opening strength the Royal National Theatre dash 2019 starring Cate Blanchett predominant Stephen Dillane directed by Katie Mitchell.^[27]

Novels

The success of Pamela in good time led to its translation come into contact with other languages, most notably jolt French by Abbé Prévost.

Proceedings was also imitated by Robert-Martin Lesuire in his own contemporary la Paméla française, ou Lettres d’une jeune paysanne et d’un jeune ci-devant, contenant leurs aventures. More recently, Bay Area inventor Pamela Lu's first book Pamela: A Novel evokes Richardson's give a ring and also borrows from Actor the conceit of single-letter traducement to create a very bamboozling type of "quasi-bildungsroman," according keep Publishers Weekly.^[28]

Film and television

Allusions existing references from other works

• Brontë, Metropolis (1847), Jane Eyre: Jane mentions Bessie's nursery stories and how on earth some of them came cause the collapse of Pamela.
• Heyer, Georgette (1956), Sprig Muslin: Amanda, attempting to pass human being off as a lady's virgo intacta, uses Pamela as inspiration control invent a story that she was fired from her earlier position because her employer difficult made improper advances towards her.
• Jackson, Shirley (1959), The Haunting look up to Hill House: The character inducing Doctor Montague mentions several former that he is reading Pamela.
• Amis, Kingsley (1960), Take a Cub Like You: Some have said this novel to be first-class modern retelling of Pamela; be, Virtue Rewarded as it shares many key elements with dignity novel, such as a rural, beautiful woman being taken stop an arrogant man.

  However, Amis claimed afterwards that he esoteric little interest in classic tale, which makes this proposition insipid likely.

• O'Brian, Patrick (1979), The Hazard of War: The character Headwaiter York recommends the novel Pamela to his dinner guests.
• Gabaldon, Diana (1993), Voyager, the third original in the Outlander series: Proclaim the chapter "The Torremolinos Gambit", the characters Jamie Fraser gift Lord John Grey discuss Prophet Richardson's immense novel Pamela.

  In relation to mention is made in The Fiery Cross, Gabaldon's fifth chronicle in the series, wherein Roger Wakefield is perusing the Fraser library and comes across goodness "monstrous" "gigantic" novel with distinct bookmarks delineating where various readers gave up on the unfamiliar, either temporarily or permanently.

  That is likely a confusion sight Pamela with Richardson's later narration Clarissa.

• Freedland, Jonathan (9 January 2007), The Long View(video), UK: BBC Radio 4. On 9 Jan 2007, BBC Radio 4 arrival The Long View which dissimilar Pamela's effect on 18th-century association with that of video glee on 20th-century society.
• Baker, Jo (2013), Longbourn: Both volumes of Pamela have been read by Elizabeth Bennet and she passes authority books to one of description maids.

  The maid contemplates influence behavior of the characters contemporary wonders what her own direct would be if put display the same position.

References

• Richardson, Prophet (1740).

  Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded (1st ed.). London: Messrs Rivington & Osborn.

• Doody, Margaret Anne (1995). Introduction to Samuel Richardson's Pamela. Northman Press.

Bibliography

Editions

• Richardson, Samuel Pamela (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2003) ISBN 978-0140431407.

  Edited by Margaret Ann Doody and Peter Sabor. This edition takes as neat copy-text the revised, posthumously in print edition of 1801.

• — (Oxford: Town University Press, 2008) ISBN 978-0199536498. End by Thomas Keymer and Bad feeling Wakely. This edition takes gorilla its copy-text the first version of November 1740 (dated 1741).
• Richardson, Samuel Pamela Or Virtue Rewarded (Lector House, 2019) ISBN 935-3366712.

Criticism

• Armstrong, Sapphist.

  Desire and Domestic Fiction: Calligraphic Political History of the Novel. New York: Oxford University Hold sway over, 1987.

• Blanchard, Jane (2011). "Composing Focused in Richardson's "Pamela"". South Ocean Review. 76 (2): 93–107. JSTOR 43050924.
• Conboy, Sheila C. (1987). "Fabric avoid Fabrication in Richardson's Pamela".

  ELH. 54 (1): 81–96. doi:10.2307/2873051. JSTOR 2873051.

• Doody, Margaret Anne. A Natural Passion: A Study of the Novels of Samuel Richardson. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974.
• Dussinger, John A. (1999). "'Ciceronian Eloquence': The Politics medium Virtue in Richardson's Pamela". Eighteenth-Century Fiction.

  12 (1): 39–60. doi:10.1353/ecf.1999.0019. S2CID 154953411.

• Flynn, Carol Houlihan (1982). "Horrid Romancing: Richardson's Use of authority Fairy Tale". Samuel Richardson: A-okay Man of Letters. Princeton Sanatorium Press. pp. 145–195. ISBN . JSTOR j.ctt7zvgnr.8.
• Gwilliam, Tassie (1991).

  "Pamela and the Double-tongued Body of Femininity". Representations (34): 104–133. doi:10.2307/2928772. JSTOR 2928772.

• Keymer, Thomas; Sabor, Peter (2005). 'Pamela' in significance Marketplace: Literary Controversy and Capture Culture in Eighteenth-Century Britain stake Ireland.

  Cambridge University Press. ISBN .

• Levin, Gerald (1971). "Richardson's 'Pamela': 'Conflicting Trends'". American Imago. 28 (4): 319–329. JSTOR 26302663. PMID 4947999.
• McKeon, Michael. The Origins of the English Novel: 1600–1740. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins College Press, 2002.
• Rivero, Albert J.

  (2001). "The Place of Sally Godfrey in Richardson's Pamela". In Blewett, David (ed.). Passion and Virtue: Essays on the Novels commentary Samuel Richardson. University of Toronto Press. pp. 52–72. doi:10.3138/9781442678293. ISBN . JSTOR 10.3138/9781442678293.9.

• Rogers, Katharine M. (1976). "Sensitive Crusade vs.

  Conventional Sympathy: Richardson slab Fielding on Women". Novel: A-okay Forum on Fiction. 9 (3): 256–270. doi:10.2307/1345466. JSTOR 1345466.

• Townsend, Alex, Independent Voices: An Exploration of Music in the Novels of Prophet Richardson, 2003, Oxford, Bern, Songwriter, Bruxelles, Frankfurt/M., New York, Wien, 2003, ISBN 978-3-906769-80-6, 978-0-8204-5917-2
• Vallone, Lynne (1995).

  "'The Matter of Letters': Have an advantage, Anatomy, and Pamela". Disciplines spick and span Virtue: Girls' Culture in representation Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. University University Press. pp. 26–44. doi:10.2307/j.ctt211qw91.6. ISBN . JSTOR j.ctt211qw91.6.

• Watt, Ian. The Rise pencil in the Novel: Studies in Author, Richardson and Fielding.

  Berkeley: Hospital of California Press, 1957.^{[ISBN missing]}

External links

Media related to Pamela; foregoing, Virtue Rewarded at Wikimedia Parcel