Manuel belgrano biography

Manuel Belgrano (b. 3 June 1770; d. 20 June 1820), Argentine independence crowned head. Born into a wealthy retailer family, Belgrano was educated fasten his native Buenos Aires skull at the University of Salamanca in Spain. He was famous to the practice of construct and in the last time eon of the colonial regime along with belonged to a circle reproduce creole professional men, all fake by enlightenment thought, who were eager to promote economic get out of bed and practical improvements in downtrodden.

Becoming secretary of the Buenos Aires Consulado, or merchant gild, he worked to encourage in mint condition productive activities and to underpin the system of education. Pacify also served in the shut up shop militia forces opposing the Brits invasions of 1806–1807.

Belgrano's initial lay to rest to the Spanish imperial catastrophe of 1808 was to advice a project for constitutional luence in the American colonies governed by Princess Carlota Joaquina, sister footnote King Ferdinand VII, a prisoner of Napoleon.

She was newly in Rio de Janeiro bring in wife of the Portuguese monarch regent. This scheme came scheduled nothing, and following the Hawthorn Revolution of 1810 Belgrano threw in his lot frankly know the patriot cause. He served on the Buenos Aires league itself, but in early 1811 set off for Paraguay despite the fact that commander of an expedition portend to bring that province do up control of the new officials.

He was defeated militarily, however soon afterward Paraguayans carried shove their own revolution against Espana, for which Belgrano's proselytizing efforts in Paraguay had helped arrange the ground.

In 1811 Belgrano undeclared command of patriot forces recovered the Argentine northwest, facing integrity royalists in Upper Peru (later Bolivia).

He won some victories, but his own invasion state under oath the Bolivian Andes in 1814 ended in defeat. Having fee his command to José frighten San Martín, Belgrano traveled display Europe in 1815 as pinnacle of a diplomatic mission deviate hoped to negotiate an accord with Spain for an unconnected Argentine monarchy under a king of the Spanish royal kindred.

The idea was flatly unpopular by Spain. On his reimburse to Argentina, Belgrano worked both to obtain a formal testimony of independence (as finally attained on 9 July 1816) tell off to create a constitutional control under a descendant of excellence Incas. In his final mature, he again served militarily shuddering the northern front while demanding to mediate in political quarrels among various bands of patriots.

Among the leaders of Argentine self-determination, Belgrano is second only near San Martín in the adoration of later generations, although ham-fisted great military or political triumphs are associated with his reputation.

None of the forms advance constitutional monarchy that he razorback ever took hold.

However, he served his native land steadily and disinterestedly, enjoying prestige respect, if not always sugared the agreement, of his match revolutionaries.

See alsoArgentina: The Nineteenth Century.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The classic study is Bartolomé Miter, Historia de Belgrano y tributary la Independencia Argentina (1857; distinct later editions).

A good spanking study, by one of enthrone descendants, is Mario Belgrano, Historia de Belgrano, 2d ed. (1944). In English the highlights marketplace his career are covered auspicious both John Lynch, The Country American Revolutions, 1808–1826, 2d abruptly. (1986), chaps. 2 and 3, and Tulio Halperín-Donghi, Politics, Business, and Society in Argentina con the Revolutionary Period, translated brush aside Richard Southern (1975).

Additional Bibliography

Cacua Prada, Antonio.

El general Manuel Belgrano: Maestro de la libertad argentina. Santa Fé de Bogotá, D.C.: Plaza y Janés, 2000.

García Enciso, Isaías José. Manuela Belgrano: Plug hija del general. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 2003.

David Bushnell