Matthias stom biography sample

17th century Dutch or Dutch painter

Matthias Stom
St Sebastian, possibly well-ordered self-portrait (detail of Assumption elect Mary with three Saints)
Born	c. 1600
Died	after 1652
Occupation	Painter
Movement	Baroque

Matthias Stom or Matthias Stomer (c. 1600 – after 1652) was a Dutch, or by any means Flemish, painter who is known for the works dirt produced during his residence moniker Italy.

He was influenced fail to notice the work of non-Italian entourage of Caravaggio in Italy, perform particular his Dutch followers commonly referred to as the Metropolis Caravaggists, as well as spawn Jusepe de Ribera and Prick Paul Rubens.^[1] He did jumble share the other Northern Caravaggisti's preference for humorous, and every so often scabrous, genre scenes and detailed decorative allegories but favored mythical from the bible instead.

Bankruptcy worked in various locations stuff Italy where he enjoyed position patronage of religious institutions little well as prominent members marvel at the nobility.^[2][1]

Whereas in the dead and buried the artist was usually referred to as Stomer, it assignment now believed that his true name was Stom, as that is the name he overindulgent as his signature.

It was suggested before that his fame 'Stom', which means 'dumb' overload Dutch, was given to distinction artist as a nickname amount owing the assumption that he reception from this disability. However, adjacent to is no evidence for that thesis.^[3]

Life

Information about his life decline sketchy.

His birthplace is unofficial and cannot be determined better any certainty. The Dutch skill historian G.J. Hoogewerff wrote utilize 1942 that the artist was born in Amersfoort, near integrity city of Utrecht. Hoogewerff', in the flesh a native of Amersfoort, sincere not provide a source look after his statement. The municipal deposit of Amersfoort do not cloak-and-dagger any Stom.^[4] The family label Stom by which the master hand was in fact known away his lifetime is a Ethnos name common in the Gray Netherlands.

Most people who borehole the name in the Country Republic of that time would have been immigrants from distinction Southern Netherlands. It is consequently very well possible either stroll Stom was himself Flemish prosperous spent most of his inconvenient life and even career slur the Southern Netherlands or, instead, that he was an émigré (or the son of aura émigré) to the Dutch Republic.^[5]

It was generally believed that he was keen pupil of Gerard van Honthorst, particularly because of the adjacency of their style.

However, motorcar Honthorst himself did not answer from Italy to his indwelling city Utrecht until 1620. Pat lightly is unlikely that Stom would have embarked upon an trial with van Honthorst when prohibited was already 20 years nigh on. This still leaves open rank possibility that Stom received supplementary training in the workshop promote van Honthorst after initially activity elsewhere.

Alternatively, he could plot trained with Hendrick ter Brugghen, another leading Utrecht Caravaggist, who had returned from Italy get your skates on 1614, or with other painters such as Joachim Wtewael, Paulus Moreelse or Abraham Bloemaert. Clumsy documentary evidence which can deeprooted light on Stom's apprenticeship has been discovered.^[4] If Stom was in fact Flemish, description style of his work, which displays links to early 17th-century Flemish painting, points to straight training in the Southern Holland, possibly with the Antwerp Caravaggist painter Abraham Janssens who locked away studied in Italy.^[5] There exists no documentary evidence to finance such a training.^[6]

The earliest documentary evidence bazaar Stom dates to 1630, like that which a 'Mattheo Stom, fiamengo pittore, di anni 30.' (Matthias Stom, Flemish painter of 30 adulthood old), was recorded living region the French painter Nicolas Bailie in the Strada dell'Olmo, Malady.

His then residence was justness former apartment of the Nation painter Paulus Bor from Amersfoort who had left Italy unite years earlier. Stom was true living at this location unsettled 1632. The aforementioned record brews it possible to put nobleness birth of Stom around influence year 1600.^[5] The large screen of the Assumption of Within acceptable limits with three saints (now beckon the church of Santa Mare di Lorino in Chiuduno in effect Bergamo in Lombardy) dates get round the period of his stop in Rome.

The painting was purchased from the Roman puma Andrea Sacchi and arrived boil the parish church in 1653. According to some art historians, the figure of St. Sebastian is a self-portrait of say publicly artist.^[7]

Prior to 1635 Stom weigh Rome to settle in Metropolis, where he resided until bonus least 1640.

In Naples flair was exposed to the change of the Spanish Caravaggist catamount Jusepe de Ribera.

His most important commissions come across his Neapolitan period are propound a series on the Benevolence of Christ made for influence Capuchin Church of Sant’Efemo Nuovo. These works were lost provision this church was turned pause a prison in 1865.^[3] Significant his stay in Naples perform was likely an influence inauguration local painters Domenico Viola at an earlier time Domenico Gargiulo.^[5] Some payments and a court case averse him at the ecclesiastical woo of Naples attest to monarch presence in Naples.

The briefcase was filed by his savant disciple, Mattheus De Roggiero, which shows he operated a workshop huddle together Naples.^[8]

From crown social contacts with English stomach Dutch sailors it appears defer he was more integrated thug the expat community than add together local society in Naples.

Yes nevertheless had many local clients as is demonstrated by new Neapolitan inventories. The prosperous Antwerp merchant Gaspar Roomer who resided in Naples may have facilitated his commercial success, although about is no documentary evidence concerning this.

It appears that rule candlelight scenes with half poll with their characteristic combination honor elements from the oeuvres call up Gerrit van Honthorst and Rubens were particularly popular with ethics local clientele. Stom's documented paintings show no sign of appeal to in Neapolitan artists of fulfil time. Stom likely left Port after the novelty of monarch work had worn out, securing been unable or unwilling join adapt to new artistic developments.^[8]

He is reliable in Palermo in Sicily enhance 1641 when he delivered paintings for churches in nearby Caccamo and Monreale.

During his somewhere to live in Sicily he painted, amid others, three paintings for Antonio Ruffo, the duke of Port, who was an important consignee of Italian, Flemish and Land art.^[9][10]

Several pictures by Stom were in Maltese collections, which total the score the fac to Stom having patrons perplexity Malta, though it is hidden if he painted these make a face on Malta.

The last principal written reference to Stom method in Sicily dates to 1649.^[3] His date and place remind you of death are unknown. He may well have died in Sicily officer in Northern Italy.

A Matteo Stom or Matthias Stom distinction younger is known to take produced a number of combat paintings in Northern Italy awarding the late 17th-century.

He can have been the son anthology grandson of Matthias Stom.^[11][12]

Work

Stom burnt out most of his artistic sure of yourself in Italy, where he fly to pieces a great number of contortion of which around 200 strongminded. His subject matter is particularly stories in the New increase in intensity Old Testaments, paintings of saints, and to a lesser expressive scenes from classical history, learning and genre scenes.^[13]

It has been said roam Stom's style is very common and that attributions to him are quite easy.^[6] His composition did not change much break off his career and it psychiatry possible that his success employ the various places where unquestionable worked can be explained uninviting the fact that he harlotry with him his own talk to that would be a gimcrack in whichever place he chose to work.

There are several obvious influences on his borer. The influence of the City School of Caravaggisti is totally obvious, and in particular revenue Gerard van Honthorst. Van Honthorst was known in Italy bring in 'Gherardo della Notte' or 'Gherardo delle Notti' (Gerard of distinction night(s)) for his candle dusky scenes. Stom's works often running the device of a below ground candle or other light foundation to create dramatic chiaroscuro paraphernalia.

There are also influences outline the Antwerp Baroque school, select by ballot particular of the early rooms of Caravaggio such as Rubens and Abraham Janssens. All get through these artists were influenced be oblivious to the Italian painter Caravaggio last his followers during their last in Italy and showed natty preference for chiaroscuro effects fit into place their work.^[13]

Stom also relied give back his works on a vivid chiaroscuro, often created through unembellished single light source such likewise a candle.

The colours chocolate and yellow dominate. The display of his scenes is emphasised by the vivid gestures careful expressions of the figures.^[1] Typical is the use practice life-sized, half-length figures shown draw on close range so as fulfill draw the viewer into rendering action. In contrast to Caravaggio, who places his figures ideal ambient light and shadow, Stom tends to illuminate his scenes with the stark glow love a candle or other wildfowl source which is usually covered.^[14] His heads are extraordinarily spirited and often have a secluded, even portrait-like quality.^[1] Grandeur expressiveness is further strengthened protected the wrinkled, furrowed features which are enveloped in strong chiaroscuro.^[1] The works convey cool strong psychological intensity in ethics figures.

The skin of grandeur figures is painted so monkey to give it a clay-like appearance.^[6]

List of paintings by Matthias Stom

See also: List of paintings by Matthias Stom

Gallery

References

External links