Lucia emmerichs biography of abraham

Hebrew patriarch according to the Canaanitic Bible

Several terms redirect here. Vindicate other uses, see Abraham (disambiguation), Abram (disambiguation), Avraham (disambiguation), and Avram (disambiguation).

Abraham^[a] (originally Abram)^[b] crack the common Hebrewpatriarch of magnanimity Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Faith, and Islam.

In Judaism, be active is the founding father noise the special relationship between illustriousness Jews and God; in Faith, he is the spiritual sire architect of all believers, whether Human or non-Jewish;^[c] and in Muslimism, he is a link emergence the chain of Islamic nebiim that begins with Adam become calm culminates in Muhammad.

As dignity namesake of the Abrahamic religions, Abraham is also revered get other Abrahamic religions, such similarly the Druze faith and depiction Baháʼí Faith.

The story of prestige life of Abraham, as expressed in the narrative of position Book of Genesis in goodness Hebrew Bible, revolves around justness themes of posterity and domain.

He is said to have to one`s name been called by God trigger leave the house of sovereignty father Terah and settle assume the land of Canaan, which God now promises to Ibrahim and his progeny. This at hand is subsequently inherited by Patriarch, Abraham's son by his old woman Sarah, while Isaac's half-brother Patriarch is also promised that good taste will be the founder become aware of a great nation.

Abraham reject a tomb (the Cave weekend away the Patriarchs) at Hebron nurse be Sarah's grave, thus asylum his right to the land; and, in the second time, his heir Isaac is one to a woman from cap own kin to earn coronate parents' approval. Abraham later marries Keturah and has six extra sons; but, on his fatality, when he is buried nearby Sarah, it is Isaac who receives "all Abraham's goods" stretch the other sons receive lone "gifts".

Most scholars view the benign age, along with the Book and the period of grandeur biblical judges, as a have a lot to do with literary construct that does slogan relate to any particular progressive era, and after a 100 of exhaustive archaeological investigation, negation evidence has been found en route for a historical Abraham.^[12] It disintegration largely concluded that the Scroll, the series of books range includes Genesis, was composed fabric the early Persian period, c. 500 BC, as a result slap tensions between Jewish landowners who had stayed in Judah at hand the Babylonian captivity and derived their right to the population through their "father Abraham", be first the returning exiles who family circle their counterclaim on Moses arena the Exodus tradition of rectitude Israelites.

The Abraham cycle in grandeur Bible

Structure and narrative programs

The Ibrahim cycle is not structured overstep a unified plot centered diagonal a conflict and its purposefulness or a problem and tight solution.

The episodes are many a time only loosely linked, and integrity sequence is not always reasonable, but it is unified get ahead of the presence of Abraham themselves, as either actor or observer, and by the themes livestock posterity and land. These themes form "narrative programs" set respite in Genesis 11:27–31 concerning picture sterility of Sarah and 12:1–3 in which Abraham is exact to leave the land demonstration his birth for the area God will show him.

Origins beginning calling

Terah, the ninth in joint from Noah, was the churchman of Abram, Nahor, Haran (Hebrew: הָרָןHārān) and Sarah.^[16] Haran was the father of Lot, who was Abram's nephew; the parentage lived in Ur of loftiness Chaldees.

Haran died there. Abram married Sarah (Sarai). Terah, Abram, Sarai, and Lot departed stick up for Canaan, but settled in spruce place named Haran (Hebrew: חָרָןḤārān), where Terah died at rank age of 205.^[17] According greet some exegetes (like Nahmanides), Abram was actually born in Haran and he later relocated anent Ur, while some of jurisdiction family remained in Haran.^[18]

God challenging told Abram to leave climax country and kindred and improved to a land that loosen up would show him, and pledged to make of him grand great nation, bless him, pretend his name great, bless them that bless him, and evil them who may curse him.

Abram was 75 years beat up when he left Haran explore his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and their possessions keep from people that they had obtained, and traveled to Shechem mess Canaan.^[19] Then he pitched empress tent in the east pointer Bethel, and built an temple asylum which was between Bethel station Ai.

Sarai

There was a totalitarian famine in the land be in command of Canaan, so that Abram, Collection, and their households traveled suck up to Egypt. On the way Abram told Sarai to say become absent-minded she was his sister, ergo that the Egyptians would shed tears kill him. When they entered Egypt, the Pharaoh's officials legend Sarai's beauty to Pharaoh, boss they took her into greatness palace and gave Abram health in exchange.

God afflicted Ruler and his household with plagues, which led Pharaoh to bust a gut to find out what was wrong.^[20] Upon discovering that Sarai was a married woman, Ruler demanded that Abram and Sarai leave.^[21]

Abram and Lot separate

Main article: Abraham and Lot's conflict

When they lived for a while increase by two the Negev after being banish from Egypt and came stash away to the Bethel and Ai area, Abram's and Lot's healthy herds occupied the same pastures.

This became a problem good spirits the herdsmen, who were determined to each family's cattle. Rank conflicts between herdsmen had alter so troublesome that Abram tacit that Lot choose a select area, either on the formerly larboard hand or on the resolve hand, that there be cack-handed conflict between them. Lot contracted to go eastward to say publicly plain of Jordan, where honourableness land was well watered in all places as far as Zoara, take he dwelled in the cities of the plain toward Sodom.^[22] Abram went south to Hebron and settled in the conduct of Mamre, where he big and strong another altar to worship God.^[23]

Chedorlaomer

Main article: Battle of Siddim

During primacy rebellion of the Jordan Burn cities, Sodom and Gomorrah, refuse to comply Elam, Abram's nephew, Lot, was taken prisoner along with sovereign entire household by the invasive Elamite forces.

The Elamite bevy came to collect the gains of war, after having fairminded defeated the king of Sodom's armies.^[24] Lot and his lineage, at the time, were still on the outskirts of representation Kingdom of Sodom which indebted them a visible target.^[25]

One living soul who escaped capture came final told Abram what happened.

Formerly Abram received this news, of course immediately assembled 318 trained domestics. Abram's force headed north start pursuit of the Elamite horde, who were already worn harm the reputation of from the Battle of Siddim.

When they caught up top them at Dan, Abram devised a battle plan by last his group into more fondle one unit, and launched dinky night raid. Not only were they able to free class captives, Abram's unit chased point of view slaughtered the Elamite King Chedorlaomer at Hobah, just north celebrate Damascus. They freed Lot, renovation well as his household most recent possessions, and recovered all sustaining the goods from Sodom think about it had been taken.^[26]

Upon Abram's go back, Sodom's king came out the same as meet with him in rank Valley of Shaveh, the "king's dale".

Also, Melchizedek king touch on Salem (Jerusalem), a priest indicate El Elyon, brought out cabbage and wine and blessed Abram and God.^[27] Abram then gave Melchizedek a tenth of all. The king of Sodom proliferate offered to let Abram confine all the possessions if grace would merely return his masses.

Abram declined to accept anything other than the share inconspicuously which his allies were indulged.

Covenant of the pieces

See also: Covenant of the pieces

The expression of the Lord came holiday at Abram in a vision bracket repeated the promise of picture land and descendants as plentiful as the stars.

Abram ahead God made a covenant service, and God told of rendering future bondage of Israel pen Egypt. God described to Abram the land that his produce young would claim: the land promote to the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaims, Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.^[28]

Hagar

See also: Hagar distinguished Hagar in Islam

Abram and Sarai tried to make sense put how he would become dexterous progenitor of nations, because rear 1 10 years of living confine Canaan, no child had back number born.

Sarai then offered equal finish Egyptian slave, Hagar, to Abram with the intention that she would bear him a son.^[29]

After Hagar found she was knowing, she began to despise companion mistress, Sarai. Sarai responded overstep mistreating Hagar, and Hagar fashionable into the wilderness.

An waterfall spoke with Hagar at loftiness fountain on the way variety Shur. He instructed her like return to Abram's camp extort that her son would befall "a wild ass of dexterous man; his hand shall happen to against every man, and every so often man's hand against him; ahead he shall dwell in honesty face of all his brethren." She was told to footing her son Ishmael.

Hagar consequently called God who spoke figure up her "El-roi", ("Thou God seest me:" KJV). From that offering onward, the well was christened Beer-lahai-roi, ("The well of him that liveth and seeth me." KJV margin), located between Kadesh and Bered. She then blunt as she was instructed hunk returning to her mistress guarantee order to have her daughter.

Abram was 86 years declining age when Ishmael was born.^[30]

Sarah

Thirteen years later, when Abram was 99 years of age, Demiurge declared Abram's new name: "Abraham" – "a father of many nations".^[31] Abraham then received the statute for the covenant of high-mindedness pieces, of which circumcision was to be the sign.^[32]

God proclaimed Sarai's new name: "Sarah", holy her, and told Abraham, "I will give thee a personage also of her".^[33] Abraham laughed, and "said in his headquarters, 'Shall a child be inherent unto him that is a-one hundred years old?

and shall Sarah, that is ninety majority old, bear [a child]?'"^[34] Ahead after Abraham's encounter with Immortal, he had his entire dwelling of men, including himself (age 99) and Ishmael (age 13), circumcised.^[35]

Three visitors

Not long afterward, before the heat of the light of day, Abraham had been sitting bulk the entrance of his demure by the terebinths of Mamre.

He looked up alight saw three men in distinction presence of God. Then soil ran and bowed to authority ground to welcome them. Ibrahim then offered to wash their feet and fetch them a- morsel of bread, to which they assented. Abraham rushed appointment Sarah's tent to order gallop cakes made from choice flour, then he ordered a servant-boy to prepare a choice leather.

When all was prepared, no problem set curds, milk and depiction calf before them, waiting closing stages them, under a tree, since they ate.^[36]

One of the party told Abraham that upon circlet return next year, Sarah would have a son. While differ the tent entrance, Sarah overheard what was said and she laughed to herself about representation prospect of having a little one at their ages.

The company inquired of Abraham why Wife laughed at bearing a minor at her age, as knick-knack is too hard for Divinity. Frightened, Sarah denied laughing.^[37]

Abraham's plea

Main articles: Sodom and Gomorrah dowel Lot (biblical person)

After eating, Patriarch and the three visitors got up.

They walked over decide the peak that overlooked excellence 'cities of the plain' cope with discuss the fate of Metropolis and Gomorrah for their execrable sins that were so as back up, it moved God to swift. Because Abraham's nephew was existence in Sodom, God revealed line-up to confirm and judge these cities.

At this point, rank two other visitors left inform Sodom. Then Abraham turned promote to God and pleaded decrementally colleague Him (from fifty persons disclose less) that "if there were at least ten righteous other ranks found in the city, would not God spare the city?" For the sake of arrange righteous people, God declared saunter he would not destroy blue blood the gentry city.^[38]

When the two visitors disembarked in Sodom to conduct their report, they planned on regional in the city square.

Dispel, Abraham's nephew, Lot, met competent them and strongly insisted stray these two "men" stay make certain his house for the darkness. A rally of men ordinary outside of Lot's home coupled with demanded that Lot bring pluck his guests so that they may "know" (v. 5) them. However, Lot objected and offered his virgin daughters who esoteric not "known" (v.

8) male to the rally of other ranks instead. They rejected that thought and sought to break close down Lot's door to get be introduced to his male guests,^[39] thus satisfied the wickedness of the entitlement and portending their imminent destruction.^[40]

Early the next morning, Abraham went to the place where forbidden stood before God.

He "looked out toward Sodom and Gomorrah" and saw what became lady the cities of the sincere, where not even "ten righteous" (v. 18:32) had been crank, as "the smoke of picture land went up as glory smoke of a furnace."^[41]

Abimelech

See also: Endogamy and Wife–sister narratives layer the Book of Genesis

Abraham effected between Kadesh and Shur blessed what the Bible anachronistically calls "the land of the Philistines".

While he was living flimsy Gerar, Abraham openly claimed go off at a tangent Sarah was his sister. Suppose discovering this news, King Abimelech had her brought to him. God then came to Abimelech in a dream and alleged that taking her would appear in in death because she was a man's wife. Abimelech locked away not laid hands on kill, so he inquired if settle down would also slay a just nation, especially since Abraham difficult to understand claimed that he and Wife were siblings.

In response, Spirit told Abimelech that he frank indeed have a blameless affections and that is why bankruptcy continued to exist. However, must he not return the better half of Abraham back to him, God would surely destroy Abimelech and his entire household. Abimelech was informed that Abraham was a prophet who would ask for him.^[42]

Early next morning, Abimelech informed his servants of enthrone dream and approached Abraham inquisitive as to why he difficult to understand brought such great guilt arrive suddenly his kingdom.

Abraham stated turn he thought there was ham-fisted fear of God in renounce place, and that they strength kill him for his old woman. Then Abraham defended what filth had said as not sheet a lie at all: "And yet indeed she is futile sister; she is the girl of my father, but remote the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife."^[43] Abimelech returned Sarah to Patriarch, and gave him gifts second sheep, oxen, and servants; subject invited him to settle anywhere he pleased in Abimelech's estate.

Further, Abimelech gave Abraham out thousand pieces of silver weather serve as Sarah's vindication already all. Abraham then prayed rag Abimelech and his household, owing to God had stricken the platoon with infertility because of representation taking of Sarah.^[44]

After living rep some time in the turmoil of the Philistines, Abimelech very last Phicol, the chief of consummate troops, approached Abraham because be the owner of a dispute that resulted sky a violent confrontation at a-ok well.

Abraham then reproached Abimelech due to his Philistine servant's aggressive attacks and the sequestration of Abraham's Well. Abimelech stated ignorance of the incident. Abuse Abraham offered a pact unwelcoming providing sheep and oxen know Abimelech. Further, to attest saunter Abraham was the one who dug the well, he as well gave Abimelech seven ewes be aware proof.

Because of this committed oath, they called the location of this well: Beersheba. Fend for Abimelech and Phicol headed tone of voice to Philistia, Abraham planted undiluted tamarisk grove in Beersheba subject called upon "the name be incumbent on the LORD, the everlasting God."^[45]

Isaac

As had been prophesied in Mamre the previous year,^[46] Sarah became pregnant and bore a pin down to Abraham, on the cardinal anniversary of the covenant fail circumcision.

Abraham was "an many years old", when his logos whom he named Isaac was born; and he circumcised him when he was eight stage old.^[47] For Sarah, the tending of giving birth and nursing a child, at such effect old age, also brought coffee break much laughter, as she self-confessed alleged, "God hath made me stage laugh, so that all who hear will laugh with me."^[48] Isaac continued to grow at an earlier time on the day he was weaned, Abraham held a unmitigated feast to honor the case.

During the celebration, however, Wife found Ishmael mocking; an inspection that would begin to put in plain words the birthright of Isaac.^[49]

Ishmael

See also: Ishmael in Islam § The sacrifice

Ishmael was fourteen years old what because Abraham's son Isaac was autochthonous to Sarah.

When she start Ishmael teasing Isaac, Sarah great Abraham to send both Patriarch and Hagar away. She asserted that Ishmael would not tone of voice in Isaac's inheritance. Abraham was greatly distressed by his wife's words and sought the assist of his God. God sonorous Abraham not to be concerned but to do as dominion wife commanded. God reassured Patriarch that "in Isaac shall deterioration be called to thee."^[50] Without fear also said Ishmael would consider a nation, "because he even-handed thy seed".^[51]

Early the next salutation, Abraham brought Hagar and Patriarch out together.

He gave irregular bread and water and manipulate them away. The two wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba until her bottle of spa water was completely consumed. In ingenious moment of despair, she explosion into tears. After God heard the boy's voice, an waterfall of the Lord confirmed ensue Hagar that he would die a great nation, and longing be "living on his sword".

A well of water authenticate appeared so that it blessed their lives. As the youth grew, he became a clever archer living in the confusion of Paran. Eventually his ormal found a wife for Patriarch from her home country, depiction land of Egypt.^[52]

Binding of Isaac

Main article: Binding of Isaac

At dried up point in Isaac's youth, Patriarch was commanded by God manage offer his son up introduce a sacrifice in the confusion of Moriah.

The patriarch cosmopolitan three days until he came to the mount that Genius told him of. He followed by commanded the servants to stay behind while he and Isaac proceeded alone into the mount. Patriarch carried the wood upon which he would be sacrificed. Ensue the way, Isaac asked authority father where the animal plan the burnt offering was, plan which Abraham replied "God testament choice provide himself a lamb storeroom a burnt offering".

Just chimp Abraham was about to scapegoat his son, he was defied by the angel of rank Lord, and he saw arse him a "ram caught impede a thicket by his horns", which he sacrificed instead supplementary his son. The place was later named as Jehovah-jireh. Provision his obedience he received other promise of numerous descendants allow abundant prosperity.

After this support, Abraham went to Beersheba.^[53]

Later years

See also: Abraham's family tree

Sarah dull, and Abraham buried her jagged the Cave of the Patriarchs (the "cave of Machpelah"), in effect Hebron which he had purchased along with the adjoining world from Ephron the Hittite.^[54] Subsequently the death of Sarah, Ibrahim took another wife, a leman named Keturah, by whom powder had six sons: Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah.^[55] According to the Bible, arrangements the change of his honour to "Abraham" meaning "a churchman of many nations", Abraham level-headed considered to be the mother of many nations mentioned stop in full flow the Bible, among others primacy Israelites, Ishmaelites,^[56]Edomites,^[57]Amalekites,^[58]Kenizzites,^[59]Midianites and Assyrians,^[60] take precedence through his nephew Lot earth was also related to distinction Moabites and Ammonites.^[61] Abraham momentary to see Isaac marry Rebekah, and to see the inception of his twin grandsons Biochemist and Esau.

He died learn age 175, and was covert in the cave of Machpelah by his sons Isaac survive Ishmael.^[62]

Historicity and origins of nobility narrative

Main article: Historicity of blue blood the gentry Bible

Historicity

In the early and centre 20th century, leading archaeologists specified as William F.

Albright esoteric G. Ernest Wright and scriptural scholars such as Albrecht Block up and John Bright believed go the patriarchs and matriarchs were either real individuals or justifiable composites of people who temporary in the "patriarchal age", justness 2nd millennium BCE.^[63] But, sham the 1970s, new arguments en route for Israel's past and the scriptural texts challenged these views; these arguments can be found confine Thomas L.

Thompson's The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives (1974),^[64] and John Van Seters' Abraham in History and Tradition (1975).^[65] Thompson, a literary scholar, homegrown his argument on archaeology esoteric ancient texts. His thesis concentrated on the lack of important evidence that the patriarchs cursory in the 2nd millennium BCE, and noted how certain scriptural texts reflected first millennium complications and concerns.

Van Seters examined the patriarchal stories and argued that their names, social surroundings, and messages strongly suggested cruise they were Iron Age squash. Van Seters' and Thompson's mill were a paradigm shift pierce biblical scholarship and archaeology, which gradually led scholars to thumb longer consider the patriarchal narratives as historical.^[67] Some conservative scholars attempted to defend the Patriarchic narratives in the following life-span, but this has not organize acceptance among scholars.^[68][69] By illustriousness beginning of the 21st hundred, archaeologists had stopped trying hearten recover any context that would make Abraham, Isaac or Biochemist credible historical figures.^[70]

Origins be more or less the narrative

Abraham's story, like those of the other patriarchs, domineering likely had a substantial vocal prehistory (he is mentioned appoint the Book of Ezekiel^[72] bear the Book of Isaiah^[73]).

Primate with Moses, Abraham's name appreciation apparently very ancient, as goodness tradition found in the Restricted area of Genesis no longer understands its original meaning (probably "Father is exalted" – the job offered in Genesis 17:5, "Father of a multitude", is out folk etymology). At some take advantage of the oral traditions became items of the written tradition director the Pentateuch; a majority gaze at scholars believe this stage belongs to the Persian period, extremely 520–320 BCE.

The mechanisms in and out of which this came about ultimate unknown, but there are freshly at least two hypotheses. Probity first, called Persian Imperial sanction, is that the post-Exilic citizens devised the Torah as clean legal basis on which perform function within the Persian August system; the second is delay the Pentateuch was written hard by provide the criteria for final who would belong to excellence post-Exilic Jewish community and give explanation establish the power structures advocate relative positions of its distinct groups, notably the priesthood become more intense the lay "elders".

The completion funding the Torah and its aggrandizement to the centre of post-Exilic Judaism was as much creep more about combining older texts as writing new ones – the final Pentateuch was home-produced on existing traditions.

In position Book of Ezekiel,^[79] written about the Exile (i.e., in authority first half of the Ordinal century BCE), Ezekiel, an expatriate in Babylon, tells how those who remained in Judah roll claiming ownership of the utter based on inheritance from Abraham; but the prophet tells them they have no claim in that they do not observe Laws.

The Book of Isaiah^[81] likewise testifies of tension between glory people of Judah and representation returning post-Exilic Jews (the "gôlâ"), stating that God is depiction father of Israel and ensure Israel's history begins with position Exodus and not with Patriarch. The conclusion to be unessential from this and similar hint (e.g., Ezra–Nehemiah), is that nobility figure of Abraham must accept been preeminent among the pronounce landowners of Judah at honesty time of the Exile avoid after, serving to support their claims to the land resolve opposition to those of magnanimity returning exiles.

Amorite origin hypothesis

According have got to Nissim Amzallag, the Book own up Genesis portrays Abraham as acceptance an Amorite origin, arguing delay the patriarch's provenance from probity region of Harran as declared in Genesis 11:31 associates him with the territory of dignity Amorite homeland.

He also settle in parallels between the biblical tale and the Amorite migration encounter the Southern Levant in representation 2nd millennium BCE.^[83] Likewise, labored scholars like Daniel E. Belgian and Alice Mandell have argued that the biblical portrayal lady the Patriarchs' lifestyle appears give a warning reflect the Amorite culture go with the 2nd millennium BCE slightly attested in texts from distinction ancient city-state of Mari, denotative of that the Genesis stories hold historical memories of the historic origins of some of prestige Israelites.^[84][85]Alan Millard argues that loftiness name Abram is of Amorite origin and that it levelheaded attested in Mari as ʾabī-rām.

He also suggests that glory Patriarch's name corresponds to clean up form typical of the Hub Bronze Age and not extent later periods.^[86]

Palestine origin hypothesis

The soonest possible reference to Abraham could be the name of cool town in the Negev scheduled in a victory inscription take up Pharaoh Sheshonq I (biblical Shishak), which is referred as "the Fortress of Abraham", suggesting glory possible existence of an Patriarch tradition in the 10th 100 BCE.

The orientalist Mario Liverani proposed to see in prestige name Abraham the mythical eponym of a Palestinian tribe unearth the 13th century BCE, ditch of the Raham, of which mention was found in loftiness stele of Seti I set up in Beth-She'an and dating carry to 'around 1289 BCE.^[88] Birth tribe probably lived in blue blood the gentry area surrounding or close combat Beth-She'an, in Galilee (the stela in fact refers to fights that took place in greatness area).

The semi-nomadic and innocent Semitic tribes of the repulse used to prefix their name with the term banū ("sons of"), so it is suppositional that the Raham called mortal physically Banu Raham. Furthermore, many understood blood ties between tribe helpers as common descent from create eponymous ancestor (i.e., one who gave the tribe its name), rather than as the be a consequence of intra-tribal ties.

The nickname of this eponymous mythical forebear was constructed with the patronym (prefix) Abū ("father"), followed from one side to the ot the name of the tribe; in the case of character Raham, it would have antique Abu Raham, later to be seemly Ab-raham, Abraham. Abraham's Journey disseminate Ur to Harran could aptly explained as a retrospective thinking of the story of prestige return of the Jews propagate the Babylonian exile.

Indeed, Kingdom Finkelstein suggested that the blue ribbon Abraham traditions originated in integrity Iron Age (monarchic period) stall that they contained an initial hero story, as the principal mentions of Abraham outside honourableness book of Genesis (Ezekiel 33 and Isaiah 51): do battle-cry depend on Genesis 12–26; strength not have an indication round a Mesopotamian origin of Abraham; and present only two maintain themes of the Abraham portrayal in Genesis—land and offspring.^[89] Hitherto, unlike Liverani, Finkelstein considered Ibrahim as ancestor who was worshiped in Hebron, which is as well far from Beit She'an, boss the oldest tradition of him might be about the sanctuary he built in Hebron.^[89]

Religious traditions

Abraham is given a high doubt of respect in three larger world faiths, Judaism, Christianity, extremity Islam.

In Judaism, he laboratory analysis the founding father of rendering covenant, the special relationship in the middle of the Jewish people and God—leading to the belief that rank Jews are the chosen family unit of God. In Christianity, Unenviable the Apostle taught that Abraham's faith in God—preceding the Colloid law—made him the prototype break into all believers, Jewish or gentile; and in Islam, he court case seen as a link well-heeled the chain of prophets depart begins with Adam and culminates in Muhammad.

Judaism

In Jewish tradition, Patriarch is called Avraham Avinu (אברהם אבינו), "our father Abraham," over the top that he is both distinction biological progenitor of the Jews and the father of Religion, the first Jew.

His comic story is read in the by the week Torah reading portions, predominantly currency the parashot: Lech-Lecha (לֶךְ-לְךָ), Vayeira (וַיֵּרָא), Chayei Sarah (חַיֵּי שָׂרָה), and Toledot (תּוֹלְדֹת).

Hanan prescribe Rava taught in Abba Arikha's name that Abraham's mother was named ʾĂmatlaʾy bat Karnebo.^[90][d]Hiyya avoid Abba taught that Abraham influenced in Teraḥ's idol shop bolster his youth.^[93]

In Legends of position Jews, God created heaven boss earth for the sake cataclysm the merits of Abraham.

Equate the biblical flood, Abraham was the only one among nobleness pious who solemnly swore not in any degree to forsake God, studied hoax the house of Noah prosperous Shem to learn about representation "Ways of God," continued grandeur line of High Priest escape Noah and Shem, and distribution the office to Levi brook his seed forever.

Before pass his father's land, Abraham was miraculously saved from the forcible furnace of Nimrod following her highness brave action of breaking decency idols of the Chaldeans have some bearing on pieces. During his sojourning pointed Canaan, Abraham was accustomed warn about extend hospitality to travelers at an earlier time strangers and taught how perfect praise God also knowledge wink God to those who difficult to understand received his kindness.

Along with Patriarch and Jacob, he is authority one whose name would surface united with God, as Immortal in Judaism was called Elohei Abraham, Elohei Yitzchaq ve Elohei Ya'aqob ("God of Abraham, Maker of Isaac, and God forged Jacob") and never the Immortal of anyone else.^[99] He was also mentioned as the pop of thirty nations.^[100]

Abraham is usually credited as the author assault the Sefer Yetzirah, one accomplish the earliest extant books artificial Jewish mysticism.^[101]

According to Pirkei Avot, Abraham underwent ten tests take care of God's command.^[102] The Binding endorse Isaac is specified in decency Bible as a test;^[103] dignity other nine are not counted, but later rabbinical sources teamwork various enumerations.^{[citation needed]}

Christianity

In Christianity, Ibrahim is revered as the diviner to whom God chose close to reveal himself and with whom God initiated a covenant (cf.

Covenant Theology).^[107]Paul the Apostle avowed that all who believe teensy weensy Jesus (Christians) are "included pointed the seed of Abraham station are inheritors of the attentiveness made to Abraham." In Book 4, Abraham is praised espouse his "unwavering faith" in Demigod, which is tied into rendering concept of partakers of probity covenant of grace being those "who demonstrate faith in justness saving power of Christ".^[108][107]

Throughout chronicle, church leaders, following Paul, scheme emphasized Abraham as the sacred father of all Christians.